{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:37:14Z","timestamp":1790879834794,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Minhang District Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai in China","award":["2019MHZ042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019MHZ042"]}]},{"name":"Youth Scientific Research Project of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning","award":["20164Y0227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20164Y0227"]}]},{"name":"Key Project of Shanghai Fifth People\u2019s Hospital","award":["2018WYZD04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018WYZD04"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007219","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19ZR1440200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19ZR1440200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007219","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Medical Key Faculty Foundation of Shanghai","award":["ZK2019B15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZK2019B15"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The immune system plays a central role in the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Monocytes, the main innate immune cells, are especially important in the maintenance of a normal pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Here, we investigated the potential effect of monocytes in GDM.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Monocyte count was monitored throughout pregnancy in 214 women with GDM and 926 women without in a case-control and cohort study. Circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines, placenta-derived macrophages, and their products were measured.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Throughout pregnancy, monocyte count was significantly decreased in women with GDM, and was closely associated with glucose level, insulin resistance, and newborn weight. First-trimester monocyte count outperformed that of the second and third trimester as a risk factor and diagnostic predictor of GDM and macrosomia both in the case-control and cohort study. In addition, our cohort study showed that as first-trimester monocyte count decreased, GDM and macrosomia incidence, glucose level, and newborn weight increased in a stepwise manner. Risk of GDM started to decrease rapidly when first-trimester monocyte count exceeded 0.48\u2005\u00d7\u2005109\/L. Notably, CD206 and interleukin 10 (IL-10) were significantly lower, whereas CD80, CD86, tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were higher both in GDM placental tissue and peripheral blood. First-trimester monocyte count was positively related to IL-10 and CD206, but negatively related to CD80, CD86, TNF-\u03b1, and IL-6.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Decreased monocyte count throughout pregnancy was closely associated with the development of GDM, macrosomia, and the chronic inflammatory state of GDM. First-trimester monocyte count has great potential as an early diagnostic marker of GDM.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T18:11:45Z","timestamp":1630692705000},"page":"192-204","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Decreased Monocyte Count Is Associated With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Development, Macrosomia, and Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Xinmei","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People\u2019s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingbing","family":"Zha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People\u2019s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, 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200240, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People\u2019s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People\u2019s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People\u2019s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuijun","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Wujing Hospital, Shanghai 200241, 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