{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T01:36:10Z","timestamp":1792200970959,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]],"date-time":"2021-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Commission project THYRAGE","award":["666869"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["666869"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thyroid dysfunction is associated with higher anemia prevalence, although causality remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the association between thyroid function and anemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional and Mendelian randomization study included 445 482 European participants from the UK Biobank (mean age 56.77 years (SD 8.0); and 54.2% women). Self-reported clinical diagnosis of hypothyroidism was stated by 21 860 (4.9%); self-reported clinical diagnosis of hyperthyroidism by 3431 (0.8%). Anemia, defined as hemoglobin level of\u2005&amp;lt;\u200513 g\/dL in men and\u2005&amp;lt;\u200512 g\/dL in women, was present in 18 717 (4.2%) participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In cross-sectional logistic regression analyses, self-reported clinical diagnoses of hypo- and hyperthyroidism were associated with higher odds of anemia (OR 1.12; 95% CI, 1.05-1.19 and OR 1.09; 95% CI, 0.91-1.30), although with wide confidence intervals for hyperthyroidism. We did not observe an association of higher or lower genetically influenced thyrotropin (TSH) with anemia (vs middle tertile: OR for lowest tertile 0.98 [95% CI, 0.95-1.02]; highest tertile 1.02 [95% CI, 0.98-1.06]), nor of genetically influenced free thyroxine (fT4) with anemia. Individuals with genetic variants in the DIO3OS gene implicated in intracellular regulation of thyroid hormones had a higher anemia risk (OR 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02-1.10); no association was observed with variants in DIO1 or DIO2 genes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While self-reported clinical diagnosis of hypothyroidism was associated with higher anemia risk, we did not find evidence supporting a causal association with variation of thyroid function within the euthyroid range. However, intracellular regulation of thyroid hormones might play a role in developing anemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]],"date-time":"2021-09-13T03:21:25Z","timestamp":1631503285000},"page":"e643-e652","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Thyroid Function and Risk of Anemia: A Multivariable-Adjusted and Mendelian Randomization Analysis in the UK Biobank"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Nicolien A","family":"van Vliet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annelies E P","family":"Kamphuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical 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