{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T04:16:25Z","timestamp":1790914585673,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]],"date-time":"2021-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Though posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM, occurring &amp;gt;\u200545 days after transplantation) and its complications are well described, early post\u2013renal transplant hyperglycemia (EPTH) (&amp;lt;\u200545 days) similarly puts kidney transplant recipients at risk of infections, rehospitalizations, and graft failure and is not emphasized much in the literature. Proactive screening and management of EPTH is required given these consequences.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of this article is to promote recognition of early post-renal transplant hyperglycemia, and to summarize available information on its pathophysiology, adverse effects, and management.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A PubMed search was conducted for \u201cearly post\u2013renal transplant hyperglycemia,\u201d \u201cimmediate posttransplant hyperglycemia,\u201d \u201cpost\u2013renal transplant diabetes,\u201d \u201crenal transplant,\u201d \u201cdiabetes,\u201d and combinations of these terms. EPTH is associated with significant complications including acute graft failure, rehospitalizations, cardiovascular events, PTDM, and infections.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with diabetes experience better glycemic control in end-stage renal disease (ESRD), with resurgence of hyperglycemia after kidney transplant. Patients with and without known diabetes are at risk of EPTH. Risk factors include elevated pretransplant fasting glucose, diabetes, glucocorticoids, chronic infections, and posttransplant infections. We find that EPTH increases risk of re-hospitalizations from infections (cytomegalovirus, possibly COVID-19), acute graft rejections, cardiovascular events, and PTDM. It is essential, therefore, to provide diabetes education to patients before discharge. Insulin remains the standard of care while inpatient. Close follow-up after discharge is recommended for insulin adjustment. Some agents like dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists have shown promise. The tenuous kidney function in the early posttransplant period and lack of data limit the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. There is a need for studies assessing noninsulin agents for EPTH to decrease risk of hypoglycemia associated with insulin and long-term complications of EPTH.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]],"date-time":"2021-09-24T11:52:35Z","timestamp":1632484355000},"page":"549-562","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Early Post-Renal Transplant Hyperglycemia"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6732-1122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anira","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4671-8838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keren","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7489-6650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sangeeta R","family":"Kashyap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7364-5550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M Cecilia","family":"Lansang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12850","article-title":"Proceedings from an international consensus meeting on posttransplantation diabetes mellitus: recommendations and future directions","volume":"14","author":"Sharif","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Transplant."},{"key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0002","first-page":"SS3","article-title":"New-onset diabetes after transplantation: 2003 international consensus guidelines. Proceedings of an international expert panel meeting. Barcelona, Spain, 19 February 2003","volume":"75","author":"Davidson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Transplantation."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03671106","article-title":"Transplant-associated hyperglycemia: a new look at an old problem","volume":"2","author":"Crutchlow","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.3.583","article-title":"Posttransplantation diabetes: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"25","author":"Montori","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199802150-00014","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus after renal transplantation: as deleterious as non-transplant-associated diabetes?","volume":"65","author":"Miles","year":"1998","journal-title":"Transplantation."},{"issue":"10","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199605270-00011","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus after renal transplantation: characteristics, outcome, and risk factors","volume":"61","author":"Vesco","year":"1996","journal-title":"Transplantation."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199509000-00008","article-title":"Ischemic heart disease\u2013major cause of death and graft loss after renal transplantation in Scandinavia","volume":"60","author":"Lindholm","year":"1995","journal-title":"Transplantation."},{"issue":"8","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2003.10.068","article-title":"Development of diabetes mellitus post-renal transplantation is associated with poor short-term clinical outcomes","volume":"35","author":"Saleem","year":"2003","journal-title":"Transplant Proc."},{"key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.15672","article-title":"OPTN\/SRTR 2018 annual data report: kidney","volume":"20","author":"Hart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Transplant."},{"issue":"7","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200110150-00024","article-title":"Early peri-operative glycaemic control and allograft rejection in patients with diabetes mellitus: a pilot study","volume":"72","author":"Thomas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Transplantation."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.05471008","article-title":"Hyperglycemia during the immediate period after kidney transplantation","volume":"4","author":"Chakkera","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2415","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00349.x","article-title":"New onset hyperglycemia and diabetes are associated with increased cardiovascular risk after kidney transplantation","volume":"67","author":"Cosio","year":"2005","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011080835","article-title":"Early basal insulin therapy decreases new-onset diabetes after renal transplantation","volume":"23","author":"Hecking","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-018-1044-y","article-title":"Inpatient glycemic management in the setting of renal insufficiency\/failure\/dialysis","volume":"18","author":"Iyengar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1159\/000187450","article-title":"Inhibition of glucose utilization in isolated rat soleus muscle by pseudouridine: implications for renal failure","volume":"65","author":"Dz\u00farik","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nephron."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0894-0959.2004.17346.x","article-title":"Use of insulin and oral hypoglycemic medications in patients with diabetes mellitus and advanced kidney disease","volume":"17","author":"Snyder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin Dial."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00304849","article-title":"The renal metabolism of insulin","volume":"27","author":"Rabkin","year":"1984","journal-title":"Diabetologia."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/18.1.164","article-title":"Post-transplant hyperglycaemia: a study of risk factors","volume":"18","author":"Mathew","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2006.10.011","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of early steroid-induced adverse reactions in kidney and kidney-pancreas transplant recipients","volume":"39","author":"Mathis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transplant Proc."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2008.02067.x","article-title":"Novel insights into glucocorticoid-mediated diabetogenic effects: towards expansion of therapeutic options?","volume":"39","author":"van Raalte","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest."},{"key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8735782","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8735782","article-title":"The effect of different glycaemic states on renal transplant outcomes","volume":"2016","author":"Sheu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.3727\/096368909X471198","article-title":"Different effects of FK506, rapamycin, and mycophenolate mofetil on glucose-stimulated insulin release and apoptosis in human islets","volume":"18","author":"Johnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.63.6.1289","article-title":"Inhibition of human insulin gene transcription by the immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporin A and tacrolimus in primary, mature islets of transgenic mice","volume":"63","author":"Oetjen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E365","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00390.2004","article-title":"Tacrolimus suppresses glucose-induced insulin release from pancreatic islets by reducing glucokinase activity","volume":"288","author":"Radu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"12","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2786","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119105","article-title":"Effects of tacrolimus (FK506) on human insulin gene expression, insulin mRNA levels, and insulin secretion in HIT-T15 cells","volume":"98","author":"Redmon","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200202150-00007","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of immunosuppressive drugs on insulin secretion from HIT-T15 cells and Wistar rat islets","volume":"73","author":"Paty","year":"2002","journal-title":"Transplantation."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2015-1084","article-title":"Post-transplant diabetes mellitus: causes, treatment, and impact on outcomes","volume":"37","author":"Shivaswamy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-198902000-00016","article-title":"Posttransplant hyperglycemia. Increased incidence in cyclosporine-treated renal allograft recipients","volume":"47","author":"Roth","year":"1989","journal-title":"Transplantation."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2289","article-title":"{beta}-Cell secretory capacity and demand in recipients of islet, pancreas, and kidney transplants","volume":"95","author":"Rickels","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"11","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1780","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1764","article-title":"Improvement in insulin sensitivity after human islet transplantation for type 1 diabetes","volume":"98","author":"Rickels","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03345193","article-title":"The effect of surgical stress on insulin sensitivity, glucose effectiveness and acute insulin response to glucose load","volume":"26","author":"Pei","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2004.00350.x","article-title":"Post-transplant infections now exceed acute rejection as cause for hospitalization: a report of the NAPRTCS","volume":"4","author":"Dharnidharka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Transplant."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e318176abb4","article-title":"Stress-induced hyperglycemia in patients with severe sepsis: a compromising factor for survival","volume":"336","author":"Leonidou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.40429.x","article-title":"Chronic hepatitis C and type II diabetes mellitus: a prospective cross-sectional study","volume":"100","author":"Zein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2014.11.053","article-title":"Effect of transient post-transplantation hyperglycemia on the development of diabetes mellitus and transplantation outcomes in kidney transplant recipients","volume":"47","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transplant Proc."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/CRD.0000000000000216","article-title":"Obesity in kidney transplantation: impact on transplant candidates, recipients, and donors","volume":"27","author":"Glicklich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiol Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfv368","article-title":"Clinical evolution of post-transplant diabetes mellitus","volume":"31","author":"Porrini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2008.00939.x","article-title":"Relationship between beta-cell mass and diabetes onset","volume":"10","author":"Matveyenko","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.29.03.06.dc05-1538","article-title":"Relationship between beta-cell mass and fasting blood glucose concentration in humans","volume":"29","author":"Ritzel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"issue":"8","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2674","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-0106","article-title":"Evidence for rapamycin toxicity in pancreatic \u03b2-cells and a review of the underlying molecular mechanisms","volume":"62","author":"Barlow","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"11","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0041","first-page":"CD010699","article-title":"Belatacept for kidney transplant recipients","volume":"2014","author":"Masson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.2.553","article-title":"Management of diabetes and hyperglycemia in hospitals","volume":"27","author":"Clement","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.12.4.458","article-title":"American College of Endocrinology and American Diabetes Association consensus statement on inpatient diabetes and glycemic control","volume":"12","author":"ACE\/ADA Task Force on Inpatient Diabetes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocr Pract."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2008.06.005","article-title":"Diabetes, hyperglycemia, and infections","volume":"22","author":"Shilling","year":"2008","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0045","first-page":"23","article-title":"Early hyperglycemia after allogenic kidney transplantation: does it induce infections","volume":"12","author":"Hosseini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Transplant."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0046","first-page":"74","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus infection following kidney transplantation: a multicenter study of 3065 cases","volume":"3","author":"Einollahi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Organ Transplant Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0047","first-page":"40","article-title":"Early hyperglycemia after allogenic kidney transplantation","volume":"12","author":"Wyzgal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Transplant."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.10.004","article-title":"COVID-19 infection in kidney transplant recipients at the epicenter of pandemics","volume":"98","author":"Azzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"25","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2475","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2011117","article-title":"Covid-19 and kidney transplantation","volume":"382","author":"Akalin","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.038","article-title":"Unusually high rates of acute rejection during the COVID-19 pandemic: cause for concern?","volume":"98","author":"Aziz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"issue":"11","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3019","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.16176","article-title":"Kidney transplant patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: the Brescia Renal COVID task force experience","volume":"20","author":"Bossini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Transplant."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2007.03.030","article-title":"Association of hyperglycemia on allograft function in the early period after renal transplantation","volume":"39","author":"Ganji","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transplant Proc."},{"key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-1-1","article-title":"Early peri-operative hyperglycaemia and renal allograft rejection in patients without diabetes","volume":"1","author":"Thomas","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0012.2008.00910.x","article-title":"No apparent impact of increased post-operative blood glucose levels on clinical outcome in kidney transplant recipients","volume":"23","author":"van den Berg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Transplant."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh657","article-title":"Long-term prognosis of patients after kidney transplantation: a comparison of those with or without diabetes mellitus","volume":"20","author":"Schiel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"issue":"8","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/16.8.1545","article-title":"Causes of death after renal transplantation","volume":"16","author":"Briggs","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"issue":"9324","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09089-X","article-title":"Glucose metabolism in patients with acute myocardial infarction and no previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus: a prospective study","volume":"359","author":"Norhammar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"12","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2836","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.12.2836","article-title":"Blood glucose and risk of cardiovascular disease in the Asia Pacific region","volume":"27","author":"Lawes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2105-9","article-title":"The association of early post-transplant glucose levels with long-term mortality","volume":"54","author":"Valderhaug","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetologia."},{"issue":"9","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.09481209","article-title":"Relationship between inpatient hyperglycemia and insulin treatment after kidney transplantation and future new onset diabetes mellitus","volume":"5","author":"Chakkera","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2009.06.133","article-title":"Early hyperglycemia: a risk factor for posttransplant diabetes mellitus among renal transplant recipients","volume":"41","author":"Maldonado","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transplant Proc."},{"issue":"10229","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3","article-title":"Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"395","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0063","author":"COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel"},{"key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2102685","article-title":"Bamlanivimab plus etesevimab in mild or moderate Covid-19","author":"Dougan","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E424","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.12174","article-title":"Peri-operative hyperglycemia is associated with delayed graft function in deceased donor renal transplantation","volume":"27","author":"Parekh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Transplant."},{"key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652458","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/652458","article-title":"Intraoperative hyperglycemia augments ischemia reperfusion injury in renal transplantation: a prospective study","volume":"2011","author":"Parekh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Transplant."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2012.10.007","article-title":"Continuous glucose monitoring after kidney transplantation in non-diabetic patients: early hyperglycaemia is frequent and may herald post-transplantation diabetes mellitus and graft failure","volume":"39","author":"Wojtusciszyn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4804(89)90022-X","article-title":"Hyperglycemia exacerbates and insulin fails to protect in acute renal ischemia in the rat","volume":"46","author":"Podrazik","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Surg Res."},{"key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S45","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9136(199708)14:3+<S45::AID-DIA444>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Acute hyperglycaemia and oxidative stress generation","volume":"14","author":"Ceriello","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabet Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.1.161","article-title":"Diabetes exacerbates inflammatory responses to ischemia-reperfusion","volume":"93","author":"Pan\u00e9s","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"9324","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09089-X","article-title":"Glucose metabolism in patients with acute myocardial infarction and no previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus: a prospective study","volume":"359","author":"Norhammar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S128","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-s207","article-title":"Is hyperglycemia a cardiovascular risk factor?","volume":"34","author":"Pistrosch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2009.06.133","article-title":"Early hyperglycemia: a risk factor for posttransplant diabetes mellitus among renal transplant recipients","volume":"41","author":"Maldonado","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transplant Proc."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2016-1055","article-title":"Update on glucose management among noncritically ill patients hospitalized on medical and surgical wards","volume":"1","author":"Gupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296818823720","article-title":"Hypoglycemia incidence and factors associated in a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized in general ward treated with basal bolus insulin regimen assessed by continuous glucose monitoring","volume":"14","author":"G\u00f3mez","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-019-01323-8","article-title":"Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia are risk factors for falls in the hospital population","volume":"56","author":"Berra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4399","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1979","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of glycemic control on renal transplantation outcomes","volume":"97","author":"Hermayer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S211","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-S015","article-title":"15. Diabetes care in the hospital: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes\u20142021","volume":"44","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-9029","article-title":"American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Diabetes Association consensus statement on inpatient glycemic control","volume":"32","author":"Moghissi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2098","article-title":"Management of hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients in non-critical care setting: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"97","author":"Umpierrez","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S73","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-S006","article-title":"6. Glycemic targets: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes\u20142021.","volume":"44","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-015-0707-1","article-title":"Hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus following organ transplantation","volume":"16","author":"Galindo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e524","DOI":"10.1097\/TXD.0000000000000971","article-title":"The use of GLP1R agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in kidney transplant recipients","volume":"6","author":"Kukla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transplant Direct."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-020-00786-1","article-title":"A retrospective study of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists for the management of diabetes after transplantation","volume":"11","author":"Thangavelu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther."},{"issue":"10","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e171","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-1066","article-title":"Coadministration of liraglutide with tacrolimus in kidney transplant recipients: a case series","volume":"36","author":"Pinelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"issue":"7","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1163","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1029","article-title":"The DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin restores \u03b2-cell function and survival in human isolated islets through GLP-1 stabilization","volume":"98","author":"Shah","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e100798","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100798","article-title":"Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor MK-0626 attenuates pancreatic islet injury in tacrolimus-induced diabetic rats","volume":"9","author":"Jin","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.107864","article-title":"Linagliptin plus insulin for hyperglycemia immediately after renal transplantation: a comparative study","volume":"156","author":"Guardado-Mendoza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.020","article-title":"Intensive monitoring for post-transplant diabetes mellitus and treatment with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor therapy","volume":"13","author":"Thiruvengadam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e318276a20e","article-title":"Vildagliptin and pioglitazone in patients with impaired glucose tolerance after kidney transplantation: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"95","author":"Werzowa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transplantation."},{"key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S203","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.119572","article-title":"A retrospective study evaluating efficacy and safety of linagliptin in treatment of NODAT (in renal transplant recipients) in a real world setting","volume":"17","author":"Sanyal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3181605ebf","article-title":"Influence of lifestyle modification in renal transplant recipients with postprandial hyperglycemia","volume":"85","author":"Sharif","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transplantation."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.4103\/ijn.IJN_2_18","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in kidney transplant patients","volume":"29","author":"Shah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Nephrol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022011806204393500_CIT0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000148802.04879.27","article-title":"The influence of immunomodulatory diets on transplant success and complications","volume":"79","author":"Alexander","year":"2005","journal-title":"Transplantation."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgab697\/40725078\/dgab697.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/107\/2\/549\/42224610\/dgab697.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/107\/2\/549\/42224610\/dgab697.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T06:22:59Z","timestamp":1642486979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/107\/2\/549\/6374852"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgab697","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]]}}}