{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:24:45Z","timestamp":1790011485706,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,30]],"date-time":"2021-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["T32ES007062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32ES007062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["T32DK07245"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32DK07245"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01GM086596"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01GM086596"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Context<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adrenal-derived 11-oxygenated androgens (11oAs) are known important contributors to human physiology and disease but have not been studied in pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We characterize 11oAs in normal human pregnancy and neonatal period and assess the ratios between 11oAs and compare with ratios of other steroids that undergo placental metabolism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective cohort study, 2010-2018.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Academic institution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pairs of pregnant women and newborns (n\u2005=\u2005120) were studied. Inclusion criteria were maternal age between 18 and 42 years old, spontaneous singleton pregnancies, and intention to deliver at University of Michigan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal venous blood was collected during first trimester and at term. Neonatal cord blood was collected following delivery. Steroids were measured via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Levels of 11\u03b2-hydroxyandrostenedione (11OHA4), 11-ketoandrostenedione (11KA4), 11\u03b2-hydroxytestosterone, and 11-ketotestoterone (11KT) in maternal first trimester, maternal term, and neonatal cord blood were compared. 11OHA4-to-11KA4 ratios were correlated with cortisol-to-cortisone ratios.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dominant 11oAs in pregnancy and the cord blood are 11OHA4 and 11KA4, compared to 11OHA4 and 11KT in adult men and nonpregnant women. We found a rise in 11oA concentrations, particularly 11KA4, from first to third trimester. In cord blood, the concentration of 11KA4 exceeded those of both 11OHA4 and 11KT, reflecting placental 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11\u03b2HSD2) and 17\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17\u03b2HSD2) activities, respectively. 11OHA4-to-11KA4 ratios are concordant with cortisol-to-cortisone ratios across all maternal and fetal compartments, reflecting placental 11\u03b2HSD2 activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Placental 17\u03b2HSD2 activity defends the fetus against the androgen 11KT. Our normative values may be used in future studies of 11oAs in complicated pregnancies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,31]],"date-time":"2021-10-31T18:00:00Z","timestamp":1635703200000},"page":"660-667","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Maternal 11-Ketoandrostenedione Rises Through Normal Pregnancy and Is the Dominant 11-Oxygenated Androgen in Cord Blood"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3696-8836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Banker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1374-7619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muraly","family":"Puttabyatappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasantha","family":"Padmanabhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6815-6181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard J","family":"Auchus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"},{"name":"LTC Charles S. 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