{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T22:21:09Z","timestamp":1780093269484,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]],"date-time":"2021-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Context<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alterations in semen characteristics and circulating Sertoli and Leydig cell hormones have been described in obese male adults. Whether hormonal alterations occur before adulthood has not been fully evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We describe circulating Sertoli and Leydig cell hormone levels in overweight\u2013obese (ow\/ob) boys through childhood and adolescence in a cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Monocentric study in the Pediatric Endocrinology Unit of Angers University Hospital. Three hundred and fifty-one obese and overweight boys aged 5-19 years underwent physical examination, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for body composition, oral glucose tolerance test on insulin and glucose, and measurements of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone (AMH), inhibin B, testosterone, and estradiol. Hormonal levels were compared with normative data obtained from 652 healthy nonoverweight nonobese boys of similar age or Tanner stage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Median inhibin B and testosterone levels during puberty were significantly lower in ow\/ob than in healthy boys (1) from age &amp;gt;12 years and thereafter for inhibin B, and (2) from age &amp;gt;14 years and thereafter for testosterone. At Tanner stages 4 and 5, 26%, 31%, and 18% of inhibin B, testosterone, and AMH values were below the 5th percentile in ow\/ob subjects (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.01). In multiple regression analyses, estradiol and total bone mineral density Z-score were negative predictors of inhibin B, fat mass percentage was a negative predictor of testosterone, and insulin was a negative predictor of AMH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lower Sertoli and Leydig cell hormone levels during puberty were observed in the ow\/ob boys.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab845","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T01:48:56Z","timestamp":1639705736000},"page":"e1568-e1576","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Lower Circulating Sertoli and Leydig Cell Hormone Levels During Puberty in Obese Boys: A Cross-sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Solene","family":"Rerat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Amsellem-Jager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France"},{"name":"Reference Center for Rare Pituitary Diseases, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie Clemence","family":"L\u2019hour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital, 56100 Lorient, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natacha","family":"Bouhours-Nouet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France"},{"name":"Reference Center for Rare Pituitary Diseases, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurelie","family":"Donzeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Rouleau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucie","family":"Levaillant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabienne","family":"Emeriau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Moal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hormonology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Boux de Casson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hormonology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najiba","family":"Lahlou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hormonology, BPR Specialized Analyses, 45700 Pannes,France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6332-4243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Regis","family":"Coutant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France"},{"name":"Reference Center for Rare Pituitary Diseases, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2016.09.017","article-title":"Review of childhood obesity: from epidemiology, etiology, and comorbidities to clinical assessment and treatment","volume":"92","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc."},{"key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0002","first-page":";(288):1-8","article-title":"Prevalence of obesity among adults and youth: United States, 2015\u20132016","author":"Hales","year":"2017","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12863","article-title":"Obesity and male hypogonadism: tales of a vicious cycle","volume":"20","author":"Carrageta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obes Rev."},{"key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0004","first-page":";(13)","article-title":"Children and adults body mass index in France in 2015. Results of the Esteban study and trends since 2006","author":"Verdot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bull Epidemiol Hebd"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R173","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-17-0018","article-title":"Obesity, energy balance and spermatogenesis","volume":"153","author":"Oliveira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reproduction."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2010.6","article-title":"The effect of obesity on sperm disorders and male infertility","volume":"7","author":"Du Plessis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dms050","article-title":"BMI in relation to sperm count: an updated systematic review and collaborative meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Sermondade","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.03.056","article-title":"Body mass index in relation to semen quality and reproductive hormones among 1,558 Danish men","volume":"82","author":"Jensen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.07.1292","article-title":"Is overweight a risk factor for reduced semen quality and altered serum sex hormone profile?","volume":"90","author":"Aggerholm","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1649","article-title":"Testosterone concentrations in diabetic and nondiabetic obese men","volume":"33","author":"Dhindsa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.142","article-title":"Semen quality and reproductive hormones according to birthweight and body mass index in childhood and adult life: two decades of follow-up","volume":"94","author":"Ramlau-Hansen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0130210","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130210","article-title":"Body mass index is associated with impaired semen characteristics and reduced levels of anti-m\u00fcllerian hormone across a wide weight range","volume":"10","author":"Andersen","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R167","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-20-0394","article-title":"Management of endocrine disease: rationale and current evidence for testosterone therapy in the management of obesity and its complications","volume":"183","author":"Lapauw","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1519","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1384","article-title":"Sexual dimorphisms in the associations of BMI and body fat with indices of pubertal development in girls and boys","volume":"99","author":"Crocker","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"10","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803691","article-title":"Pubertal development in obese children and adolescents","volume":"31","author":"Denzer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.05193","article-title":"Inhibin-B levels in healthy young adult men and prepubertal boys: is obesity the cause for the contemporary decline in sperm count because of fewer Sertoli cells?","volume":"27","author":"Winters","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Androl."},{"key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0017","volume-title":"Auxologie, Methodes Et Sequences.","author":"Sempe","year":"1979"},{"issue":"239","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.45.239.13","article-title":"Variations in the pattern of pubertal changes in boys","volume":"45","author":"Marshall","year":"1970","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child."},{"issue":"246","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0019","first-page":"1","article-title":"2000 CDC Growth Charts for the United States: methods and development","volume":"11","author":"Kuczmarski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat."},{"key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0020"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1177\/0004563216657361","article-title":"Effects of repeated freeze-thaw cycles on endocrine parameters in plasma and serum","volume":"54","author":"Hillebrand","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.21767\/2386-5180.100061","article-title":"Reliability of AMH in serum after long-term storage at -80\u00b0C and an extended thawing episode","volume":"4","author":"M\u00f6rse","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Clin Lab Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1080\/02841860701592400","article-title":"Effect of long-term storage on hormone measurements in samples from pregnant women: the experience of the Finnish maternity cohort","volume":"47","author":"Holl","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Oncol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3160","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1111","article-title":"Revised reference curves for bone mineral content and areal bone mineral density according to age and sex for black and non-black children: results of the bone mineral density in childhood study","volume":"96","author":"Zemel","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12275","article-title":"Gonadal function is associated with cardiometabolic health in pre-pubertal boys with Klinefelter syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Davis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Andrology."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E135","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2171","article-title":"Normal insulin-like peptide-3 levels despite low testosterone in adult males with Prader-Willi syndrome: variations in Leydig cell function from infancy through adulthood","volume":"98","author":"Hirsch","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"8","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-101141","article-title":"Anti-mullerian hormone and inhibin B levels in obese boys; relations with cardiovascular risk factors","volume":"126","author":"Buyukinan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2018.0050","article-title":"Pubertal status and gonadal functions in obese boys with fatty liver","volume":"17","author":"Kurku","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metab Syndr Relat Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15062","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71675-7","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms underlying AMH elevation in hyperoestrogenic states in males","volume":"10","author":"Valeri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2003.09.007","article-title":"AMH\/MIS: what we know already about the gene, the protein and its regulation","volume":"211","author":"Rey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0031","first-page":"1220","article-title":"Anti-m\u00fcllerian hormone and testosterone serum levels are inversely during normal and precocious pubertal development","volume":"77","author":"Rey","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"12","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5357","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1207","article-title":"Changes in anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone (AMH) throughout the life span: a population-based study of 1027 healthy males from birth (cord blood) to the age of 69 years","volume":"95","author":"Aksglaede","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E161","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1697","article-title":"Circulating anti-Mullerian hormone levels in adult men are under a strong genetic influence","volume":"97","author":"Pietil\u00e4inen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"10","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4390","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-02747","article-title":"Sex differences in effects of obesity on reproductive hormones and glucose metabolism in early puberty","volume":"104","author":"Nokoff","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"11","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm.2002.202","article-title":"Reference ranges for serum concentrations of lutropin (LH), follitropin (FSH), estradiol (E2), prolactin, progesterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), cortisol and ferritin in neonates, children and young adults","volume":"40","author":"Elmlinger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med."},{"key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2017.06.007","article-title":"Metabolism of sex steroids is influenced by acquired adiposity-A study of young adult male monozygotic twin pairs","volume":"172","author":"Vihma","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.06.046","article-title":"Diminished paternity and gonadal function with increasing obesity in men","volume":"90","author":"Pauli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2019.11.001","article-title":"Association of obesity with bone mineral density and osteoporosis in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"180","author":"Qiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public Health."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.041228","article-title":"Relationship of volumetric BMD and structural parameters at different skeletal sites to sex steroid levels in men","volume":"20","author":"Khosla","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-02060","article-title":"Genetic determinants of circulating estrogen levels and evidence of a causal effect of estradiol on bone density in men","volume":"103","author":"Eriksson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"10","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0041","first-page":"3673","article-title":"Leptin and androgens in male obesity: evidence for leptin contribution to reduced androgen levels","volume":"84","author":"Isidori","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022032516103554500_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1159\/000326057","article-title":"Normative values for testicular volume measured by ultrasonography in a normal population from infancy to adolescence","volume":"76","author":"Goede","year":"2011","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgab845\/41793329\/dgab845.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/107\/4\/e1568\/42994670\/dgab845.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/107\/4\/e1568\/42994670\/dgab845.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T10:41:21Z","timestamp":1699958481000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/107\/4\/e1568\/6432619"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgab845","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]]}}}