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Simultaneously, we carried out a matched case-control study using an institutional data repository to compute multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (MVOR) of pituitary adenoma by OC\/MHT use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the cohort analysis, during 6 668 019 person-years, 331 participants reported a diagnosis of pituitary adenoma. Compared to never-users, neither past (MVHR\u2005=\u20051.05; 95% CI, 0.80-1.36) nor current OC use (MVHR\u2005=\u20050.72; 95% CI, 0.40-1.32) was associated with risk. For MHT, compared to never-users, both past (MVHR\u2005=\u20052.00; 95% CI, 1.50-2.68) and current use (MVHR\u2005=\u20051.80; 95% CI, 1.27-2.55) were associated with pituitary adenoma risk, as was longer duration (MVHR\u2005=\u20052.06; 95% CI, 1.42-2.99 comparing more than 5 years of use to never, P trend\u2005=\u2005.002). Results were similar in lagged analyses, when stratified by body mass index, and among those with recent health care use. In the case-control analysis, we included 5469 cases. Risk of pituitary adenoma was increased with ever use of MHT (MVOR\u2005=\u20051.57; 95% CI, 1.35-1.83) and OC (MVOR\u2005=\u20051.27; 95% CI, 1.14-1.42) compared to never.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to never use, current and past MHT use and longer duration of MHT use were positively associated with higher risk of pituitary adenoma in 2 independent data sets. OC use was not associated with risk in the prospective cohort analysis and was associated with only mildly increased risk in the case-control analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab868","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,5]],"date-time":"2021-12-05T08:56:04Z","timestamp":1638694564000},"page":"e1402-e1412","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Oral Contraceptive and Menopausal Hormone Therapy Use and Risk of Pituitary Adenoma: Cohort and Case-Control Analyses"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5419-1517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J","family":"Cote","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA"},{"name":"Pituitary\/Neuroendocrine Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA"},{"name":"Computational Neuroscience Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John L","family":"Kilgallon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Neuroscience Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noah L A","family":"Nawabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Neuroscience Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan Y","family":"Dawood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Neuroscience Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy R","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pituitary\/Neuroendocrine Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA"},{"name":"Computational Neuroscience Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursula B","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pituitary\/Neuroendocrine Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Edward R","family":"Laws","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pituitary\/Neuroendocrine Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9426-7595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"JoAnn E","family":"Manson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. 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