{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T11:11:09Z","timestamp":1788261069910,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD22965-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD22965-19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"NCRR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CTSA Ul1 RR 024989"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTSA Ul1 RR 024989"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23DK113218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DK113218"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Robert Wood Johnson Foundation\u2019s Harold Amos Medical Faculty Development Program"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL 1TR002541"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL 1TR002541"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-based measures of insulin secretory response have not been validated in pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In a secondary analysis of a longitudinal study, participants were studied prepregnancy (n\u2005=\u200540), in early pregnancy (n\u2005=\u200536; 12-14 weeks\u2019 gestation), and in late pregnancy (n\u2005=\u200536; 34-36 weeks\u2019 gestation). Participants underwent an OGTT, an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp at each timepoint. We calculated homeostatic model assessment of beta-cell function (HOMA-2B), insulinogenic index (IGI), corrected insulin response (CIR), ratio of the area under the insulin curve and the area under the glucose curve (AUCins\/AUCglu), and Stumvoll first-phase estimate (Stumvoll) from OGTT insulin and glucose levels. We used Pearson correlation to compare measures from OGTT and IVGTT. We used mixed effects models to examine longitudinal changes in insulin secretory response.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Stumvoll was the only OGTT-based measure that was significantly correlated with first-phase insulin response prior to and across gestation (prepregnancy: r\u2005=\u20050.44, P\u2005=\u20050.01; early pregnancy: r\u2005=\u20050.67, P\u2005=\u20050.0001; late pregnancy: r\u2005=\u20050.67, P\u2005=\u20050.0001). In early and late pregnancy, AUCins\/AUCglu had the strongest correlation with first-phase insulin response (early pregnancy: r\u2005=\u20050.79, P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.0001; late pregnancy: r\u2005=\u20050.69, P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.0001) but was not significantly correlated prepregnancy. IGI and CIR were significantly correlated with first-phase insulin response prepregnancy (IGI: r\u2005=\u20050.50, P\u2005=\u20050.005; CIR r\u2005=\u20050.47, P\u2005=\u20050.008) and in late pregnancy (IGI: r\u2005=\u20050.68, P\u2005=\u20050.0001; CIR r\u2005=\u20050.57, P\u2005=\u20050.002) but not in early pregnancy. HOMA-2B was the weakest correlate of first-phase insulin response. Stumvoll and AUCins\/AUCglu recapitulated the longitudinal changes in insulin secretory response observed by IVGTT.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Stumvoll and AUCins\/AUCglu are valid OGTT-based insulin secretory response measures for pregnancy studies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T22:51:36Z","timestamp":1643410296000},"page":"e1871-e1878","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Oral Glucose Tolerance Test-based Measures of Insulin Secretory Response in Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7060-7778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camille E","family":"Powe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph J","family":"Locascio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Harvard Catalyst Biostatistics Consulting Unit, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Research Center, Neurology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larraine Huston","family":"Gordesky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose C","family":"Florez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick M","family":"Catalano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mother Infant Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6 Pt 1","key":"2022041907520630200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(91)90012-G","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in insulin release and insulin resistance in nonobese pregnant women","volume":"165","author":"Catalano","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol."},{"issue":"1 Pt 1","key":"2022041907520630200_CIT0002","first-page":"E60","article-title":"Carbohydrate metabolism during pregnancy in control subjects and women with gestational diabetes","volume":"264","author":"Catalano","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022041907520630200_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70662-9","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in glucose metabolism during pregnancy in obese women with normal glucose tolerance and gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"180","author":"Catalano","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022041907520630200_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(90)91306-W","article-title":"Insulin sensitivity and B-cell responsiveness to glucose during late pregnancy in lean and moderately obese women with normal glucose tolerance or mild gestational diabetes","volume":"162","author":"Buchanan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2022041907520630200_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-4881-6","article-title":"Augmented insulin secretory response in early pregnancy","volume":"62","author":"Powe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetologia."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022041907520630200_CIT0006","first-page":"1459","article-title":"Adaptation of islets of Langerhans to pregnancy: increased islet cell proliferation and insulin secretion correlates with the onset of placental lactogen secretion","volume":"130","author":"Parsons","year":"1992","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"10","key":"2022041907520630200_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2009-0144","article-title":"The transcriptional response of the islet to pregnancy in mice","volume":"23","author":"Rieck","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2022041907520630200_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2173","article-title":"Serotonin regulates pancreatic beta cell mass during pregnancy","volume":"16","author":"H","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"issue":"48","key":"2022041907520630200_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19420","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1310953110","article-title":"Serotonin regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells during pregnancy","volume":"110","author":"Ohara-Imaizumi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"issue":"5851","key":"2022041907520630200_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1146812","article-title":"Menin controls growth of pancreatic beta-cells in pregnant mice and promotes gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"318","author":"Karnik","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022041907520630200_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.3.295","article-title":"Use of the oral glucose tolerance test to assess insulin release and insulin sensitivity","volume":"23","author":"Stumvoll","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022041907520630200_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.4.796","article-title":"Oral glucose tolerance test indexes for insulin sensitivity and secretion based on various availabilities of sampling times","volume":"24","author":"Stumvoll","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022041907520630200_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105534","article-title":"Insulin secretion in response to glycemic stimulus: relation of delayed initial release to carbohydrate intolerance in mild diabetes mellitus","volume":"46","author":"Seltzer","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022041907520630200_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.25.4.241","article-title":"Glucose tolerance and insulin release, a mathematical approach I. Assay of the beta-cell response after oral glucose loading","volume":"25","author":"Sluiter","year":"1976","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"7","key":"2022041907520630200_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883","article-title":"Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man","volume":"28","author":"Matthews","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diabetologia."},{"issue":"12","key":"2022041907520630200_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.12.2191","article-title":"Correct homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) evaluation uses the computer program","volume":"21","author":"Levy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"issue":"9","key":"2022041907520630200_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.9.1462","article-title":"Insulin sensitivity indices obtained from oral glucose tolerance testing: comparison with the euglycemic insulin clamp","volume":"22","author":"Matsuda","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"issue":"9","key":"2022041907520630200_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.9.1602","article-title":"Clinically useful estimates of insulin sensitivity during pregnancy: validation studies in women with normal glucose tolerance and gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"24","author":"Kirwan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022041907520630200_CIT0019","first-page":"E214","article-title":"Glucose clamp technique: a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistance","volume":"237","author":"DeFronzo","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Physiol."},{"issue":"1 Pt 1","key":"2022041907520630200_CIT0020","first-page":"E153","article-title":"Estimating body composition in late gestation: a new hydration constant for body density and total body water","volume":"268","author":"Catalano","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Physiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2022041907520630200_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.20.7.1087","article-title":"The homeostasis model in the San Antonio Heart Study","volume":"20","author":"Haffner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"issue":"9682","key":"2022041907520630200_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60619-X","article-title":"Trajectories of glycaemia, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion before diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: an analysis from the Whitehall II study","volume":"373","author":"Tabak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgac041\/42495086\/dgac041.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/107\/5\/e1871\/43386377\/dgac041.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/107\/5\/e1871\/43386377\/dgac041.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]],"date-time":"2022-04-19T07:53:57Z","timestamp":1650354837000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/107\/5\/e1871\/6516988"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgac041","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]}}}