{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T11:52:55Z","timestamp":1774353175888,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,26]],"date-time":"2022-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81974103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81974103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81670756"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81670756"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82000747"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82000747"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Provincial Key Research and Development Foundation of Jiangsu","award":["BE2018748"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BE2018748"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The destruction of pancreatic \u03b2 cells causes type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), an autoimmune disease. Studies have demonstrated that there is heterogeneity in residual \u03b2-cell function in Caucasians; therefore, we aimed to evaluate \u03b2-cell function in Chinese autoimmune T1D patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\u03b2-cell function was determined using oral glucose tolerance testing or standardized steamed bread meal tolerance test in 446 participants with autoantibody-positive T1D. Clinical factors, such as age onset, sex, duration, body mass index, autoantibodies, other autoimmune diseases, diabetic ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia events, glycosylated hemoglobin, and insulin dose, were retrieved. We also analyzed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data for C-peptides from 144 participants enrolled in the Chinese-T1D genome-wide association study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 446 T1D patients, 98.5%, 97.4%, 86.9%, and 42.6% of individuals had detectable C-peptide values (\u2265 0.003 nmol\/L) at durations of\u2005&amp;lt;\u20051 year, 1 to 2 years, 3 to 6 years, and\u2005\u2265\u20057 years, respectively. A total of 60.7% of patients diagnosed at\u2005\u2265\u200518 years old and 15.8% of those diagnosed at\u2005&amp;lt;\u200518 years had detectable C-peptide after\u2005\u2265\u20057 years from the diagnosis. Furthermore, the patients diagnosed at\u2005\u2265\u200518 years old had higher absolute values of stimulated C-peptide (\u2265 0.2 nmol\/L). Diabetic ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia events, and insulin doses were shown to be associated with \u03b2-cell function. SNPs rs1770 and rs55904 were associated with C-peptide levels.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our results have indicated that there are high residuals of \u03b2-cell mass in Chinese patients with autoimmune T1D. These findings may aid in the consideration of therapeutic strategies seeking prevention and reversal of \u03b2-cell function among Chinese T1D patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,26]],"date-time":"2022-02-26T21:40:10Z","timestamp":1645911610000},"page":"e2348-e2358","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["High Residual \u03b2-cell Function in Chinese Patients With Autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9213-1742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yueshu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huilan","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 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Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 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