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As a consequence, these women are treated with estrogen from the age of 12 years, and later in combination with progesterone. However, androgens have been given less attention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess sex hormone levels in women with TS, both those treated and those nontreated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and investigate the impact of HRT on sex hormone levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>At Aarhus University Hospital, 99 women with TS were followed 3 times from August 2003 to February 2010. Seventeen were lost during follow-up. Control group 1 consisted of 68 healthy age-matched control women seen once during this period. Control group 2 consisted of 28 young, eumenorrheic women sampled 9 times throughout the same menstrual cycle. Serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), 17\u03b2-estradiol, estrone sulfate, DHEAS, testosterone, free androgen index, androstenedione, 17-OH progesterone, and sex hormone\u2013binding globulin (SHBG) were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All androgens, 17-OH progesterone, and sex hormone\u2013binding globulin (SHBG) were 30% to 50% lower in TS compared with controls (P &amp;lt; 0.01). FSH, LH, and estrone sulfate were more than doubled in women with TS compared with controls (P &amp;lt; 0.02). Using principal component analysis, we describe a positive correlation between women with TS receiving HRT, elevated levels of SHBG, and decreased levels of androgens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The sex hormone profile in TS reveals a picture of androgen deficiency, aggravated further by HRT. Conventional HRT does not normalize estradiol levels in TS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T15:08:25Z","timestamp":1647616105000},"page":"1983-1993","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Women With Turner Syndrome Are Both Estrogen and Androgen Deficient: The Impact of Hormone Replacement Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6574-4893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mette Hansen","family":"Viuff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital , 8200 Aarhus , Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital , 8200 Aarhus , 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