{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:53:37Z","timestamp":1791420817482,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]],"date-time":"2022-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Council of Rigshospitalet","award":["E22055-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E22055-01"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF17OC0029848"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF17OC0029848"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"MRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/M012638\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/M012638\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Context<\/jats:title><jats:p>The oocyte-secreted factors growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) play essential roles in follicle development and oocyte maturation, and aberrant regulation might contribute to the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Are there measurable differences in concentrations of GDF9, BMP15, and the GDF9\/BMP15 heterodimer in small antral follicle fluids from women with and without polycystic ovaries (PCO)?<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design and Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Follicle fluids (n\u2005=\u2005356) were collected from 4- to 11-mm follicles in unstimulated ovaries of 87 women undergoing ovarian tissue cryopreservation for fertility preservation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty-seven women with PCO were identified and 60 women without PCO-like characteristics (non-PCO women) were matched according to age and follicle size.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intrafollicular concentrations of GDF9, BMP15, GDF9\/BMP15 heterodimer, anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), inhibin-A and -B, total inhibin, activin-B and -AB, and follistatin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The detectability of GDF9, BMP15, and the GDF9\/BMP15 heterodimer were 100%, 94.4%, and 91.5%, respectively, and concentrations were significantly negatively correlated with increasing follicle size (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.0001). GDF9 was significantly higher in women with PCO (PCO: 4230\u2005\u00b1\u2005189 pg\/mL [mean\u2005\u00b1\u2005SEM], n\u2005=\u2005188; non-PCO: 3498\u2005\u00b1\u2005199 pg\/mL, n\u2005=\u2005168; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.03), whereas BMP15 was lower in women with PCO (PCO: 431\u2005\u00b1\u200540 pg\/mL, n\u2005=\u2005125; non-PCO: 573\u2005\u00b1\u200555 pg\/mL, n\u2005=\u2005109; P\u2005=\u20050.10), leading to a significantly higher GDF9:BMP15 ratio in women with PCO (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.01). Significant positive associations between BMP15 and AMH, activins, and inhibins in non-PCO women switched to negative associations in women with PCO.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intrafollicular concentrations of GDF9 and BMP15 varied inversely in women with PCO reflecting an aberrant endocrine environment. An increased GDF9:BMP15 ratio may be a new biomarker for PCO.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T15:00:40Z","timestamp":1651762840000},"page":"e3374-e3383","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Intrafollicular Concentrations of the Oocyte-secreted Factors GDF9 and BMP15 Vary Inversely in Polycystic Ovaries"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1194-8393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stine Gry","family":"Kristensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ansh Labs LLC , Webster, TX 77598 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8827-7519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linn Salto","family":"Mamsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhanu","family":"Kalra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ansh Labs LLC , Webster, TX 77598 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1546-1945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne Elisabeth","family":"Pors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7114-0970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane Alr\u00f8","family":"B\u00f8tkj\u00e6r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8830-513X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirsten Tryde","family":"Macklon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Fertility Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital , Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5383-5501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens","family":"Fedder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Andrology & Fertility Clinic, Odense University Hospital , 5000 Odense , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1705-609X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik","family":"Ernst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Horsens Regional Hospital , 8700 Horsens , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Hardy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital , London W12 0NN , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Franks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital , London W12 0NN , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7681-253X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claus Yding","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1071\/RD10225","article-title":"Recent insights into oocyte-follicle cell interactions provide opportunities for the development of new approaches to in vitro maturation","volume":"23","author":"Gilchrist","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reprod Fertil Dev."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmm040","article-title":"Oocyte-secreted factors: regulators of cumulus cell function and oocyte quality","volume":"14","author":"Gilchrist","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.1.01074","article-title":"TGF-beta superfamily members and ovarian follicle development","volume":"132","author":"Knight","year":"2006","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmw039","article-title":"Oocyte-somatic cell interactions in the human ovary-novel role of bone morphogenetic proteins and growth differentiation factors","volume":"23","author":"Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update."},{"issue":"10","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-018-1268-4","article-title":"GDF-9 and BMP-15 direct the follicle symphony","volume":"35","author":"Sanfins","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.3.8316","article-title":"Aberrant expression of growth differentiation factor-9 in oocytes of women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"87","author":"Teixeira Filho","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.014","article-title":"Expression of growth differentiation factor-9 and bone morphogenetic protein-15 in oocytes and cumulus granulosa cells of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"94","author":"Zhao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.05.036","article-title":"Abnormal expression of growth differentiation factor 9 and bone morphogenetic protein 15 in stimulated oocytes during maturation from women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"96","author":"Wei","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"issue":"11","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-014-0319-8","article-title":"Reduced and delayed expression of GDF9 and BMP15 in ovarian tissues from women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Wei","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet."},{"issue":"10","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-012-9825-8","article-title":"Single-cell expression analysis of BMP15 and GDF9 in mature oocytes and BMPR2 in cumulus cells of women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation","volume":"29","author":"de Resende","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet."},{"issue":"13","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199509283331307","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"333","author":"Franks","year":"1995","journal-title":"New Engl J Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.09.024","article-title":"Consensus on women\u2019s health aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): the Amsterdam ESHRE\/ASRM-sponsored 3rd PCOS Consensus Workshop Group","volume":"97","author":"Fauser","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"issue":"12","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4565","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2350","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"98","author":"Legro","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"12","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2841","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew218","article-title":"The prevalence and phenotypic features of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Bozdag","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Reprod."},{"issue":"9","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det291","article-title":"Identification of a mutation in GDF9 as a novel cause of diminished ovarian reserve in young women","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Reprod."},{"issue":"11","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2010.10.006","article-title":"Mutational analysis of human bone morphogenetic protein 15 in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"60","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.29252\/ijrm.14.8.527","article-title":"Mutation analysis of exon1 of bone morphogenetic protein-15 gene in Iranian patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Mehdizadeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Reprod Biomed."},{"key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2017.12.003","article-title":"Molecular aspects and clinical relevance of GDF9 and BMP15 in ovarian function","volume":"107","author":"Belli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vitam Horm."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(00)01539-9","article-title":"Mutation analysis of the growth differentiation factor-9 and -9B genes in patients with premature ovarian failure and polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"74","author":"Takebayashi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2010.02527.x","article-title":"Association study of four key folliculogenesis genes in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"117","author":"Sproul","year":"2010","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"12","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3523","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des325","article-title":"Altered gene expression profile in cumulus cells of mature MII oocytes from patients with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Haouzi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Reprod."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.4274\/balkanmedj.2016.1110","article-title":"GDF9 and BMP15 expressions and fine structure changes during folliculogenesis in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Karag\u00fcl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Balkan Med J."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-1632","article-title":"Activation of latent human GDF9 by a single residue change (Gly 391 Arg) in the mature domain","volume":"153","author":"Simpson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-2015","article-title":"Species differences in the expression and activity of bone morphogenetic protein 15","volume":"154","author":"Al-Musawi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3444","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)53714-5","article-title":"GDF-3 and GDF-9: two new members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily containing a novel pattern of cysteines","volume":"268","author":"McPherron","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2018-01026","article-title":"Cumulin and FSH cooperate to regulate inhibin b and activin b production by human granulosa-lutein cells in vitro","volume":"160","author":"Richani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.1.00280","article-title":"The oocyte and its role in regulating ovulation rate: a new paradigm in reproductive biology","volume":"128","author":"McNatty","year":"2004","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.108.068163","article-title":"The proregion of mouse BMP15 regulates the cooperative interactions of BMP15 and GDF9","volume":"79","author":"McIntosh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol Reprod."},{"issue":"8","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E776","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1218020110","article-title":"Growth differentiation factor 9:bone morphogenetic protein 15 heterodimers are potent regulators of ovarian functions","volume":"110","author":"Peng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"issue":"39","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24007","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.671487","article-title":"Cumulin, an oocyte-secreted heterodimer of the transforming growth factor-\u03b2 family, is a potent activator of granulosa cells and improves oocyte quality","volume":"290","author":"Mottershead","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"issue":"9","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gat027","article-title":"The dormant and the fully competent oocyte: comparing the transcriptome of human oocytes from primordial follicles and in metaphase II","volume":"19","author":"Gr\u00f8ndahl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gat089","article-title":"Expression of TGF-beta superfamily growth factors, their receptors, the associated SMADs and antagonists in five isolated size-matched populations of pre-antral follicles from normal human ovaries","volume":"20","author":"Kristensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2018.10.029","article-title":"Transcriptome landscape of human folliculogenesis reveals oocyte and granulosa cell interactions","volume":"72","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Cell."},{"issue":"10","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2298","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2019-00264","article-title":"Serum concentrations of oocyte-secreted factors BMP15 and GDF9 during IVF and in women with reproductive pathologies","volume":"160","author":"Riepsamen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.02.001","article-title":"Exploratory analysis of serum concentrations of oocyte biomarkers growth differentiation factor 9 and bone morphogenetic protein 15 in ovulatory women across the menstrual cycle","volume":"116","author":"Riepsamen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"issue":"12","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6371","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2019-01094","article-title":"Quantitative differences in TGF-beta family members measured in small antral follicle fluids from women with or without PCO","volume":"104","author":"Kristensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"12","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0037","first-page":"2276","article-title":"A simple method to quantify follicle survival in cryopreserved human ovarian tissue","volume":"33","author":"Kristensen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Reprod."},{"key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0038"},{"key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0039"},{"key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0040"},{"key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0041"},{"key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0042"},{"key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0043"},{"key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0044"},{"key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0045"},{"key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0046"},{"key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0047"},{"key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0048","author":"Kristensen"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dgaa470","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa470","article-title":"Expression of the insulin-like growth factor system in first- and second-trimester human embryonic and fetal gonads","volume":"105","author":"Mamsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0050"},{"key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0051","volume-title":"Figshare","author":"Kristensen"},{"key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593718","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.593718","article-title":"Consequences of \u03b2-thalassemia or sickle cell disease for ovarian follicle number and morphology in girls who had ovarian tissue cryopreserved","volume":"11","author":"Mamsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.10.055","article-title":"True ovarian volume is underestimated by two-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound measurement","volume":"93","author":"Rosendahl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0054","author":"Kristensen"},{"key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0055","volume-title":"Figshare","author":"Kristensen"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-013-0560-8","article-title":"Association of plasma GDF-9 or GDF-15 levels with bone parameters in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Berberoglu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metab."},{"issue":"7","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e103563e103563","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0103563","article-title":"Bone morphogenetic protein 15 in the pro-mature complex form enhances bovine oocyte developmental competence","volume":"9","author":"Sudiman","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2014-1173","article-title":"Modifications of human growth differentiation factor 9 to improve the generation of embryos from low competence oocytes","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol."},{"issue":"23","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7981","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA120.013050","article-title":"A variant of human growth differentiation factor-9 that improves oocyte developmental competence","volume":"295","author":"Stocker","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.15.6.0662","article-title":"Synergistic roles of bone morphogenetic protein 15 and growth differentiation factor 9 in ovarian function","volume":"15","author":"Yan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E615","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3949","article-title":"Aberrant GDF9 expression and activation are associated with common human ovarian disorders","volume":"99","author":"Simpson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2011.09.033","article-title":"The ratio of growth differentiation factor 9: bone morphogenetic protein 15 mRNA expression is tightly co-regulated and differs between species over a wide range of ovulation rates","volume":"348","author":"Crawford","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioz011","article-title":"Intrafollicular growth differentiation factor 9: bone morphogenetic 15 ratio determines litter size in mammals","volume":"100","author":"Christoforou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Reprod."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-01705","article-title":"Oocyte-secreted factors synergize with FSH to promote aromatase expression in primary human cumulus cells","volume":"104","author":"Hobeika","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgz057","article-title":"Regulation of insulin-like growth factor 2 by oocyte-secreted factors in primary human granulosa cells","volume":"105","author":"Hobeika","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-17-0421","article-title":"Regulation of AMH by oocyte-specific growth factors in human primary cumulus cells","volume":"154","author":"Convissar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"gaab031","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gaab031","article-title":"Oocyte-secreted factors strongly stimulate sFRP4 expression in human cumulus cells","volume":"27","author":"Esfandyari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2003.10.009","article-title":"Oocyte regulation of anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone expression in granulosa cells during ovarian follicle development in mice","volume":"266","author":"Salmon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.1.00517","article-title":"Bone morphogenetic protein 15 and growth differentiation factor 9 co-operate to regulate granulosa cell function in ruminants","volume":"129","author":"McNatty","year":"2005","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2602","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-4066","article-title":"The bone morphogenetic protein 15 up-regulates the anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone receptor expression in granulosa cells","volume":"101","author":"Pierre","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"9","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3433","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2018-00609","article-title":"Oocyte-derived factors (GDF9 and BMP15) and FSH regulate AMH expression via modulation of H3K27AC in granulosa cells","volume":"159","author":"Roy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"12","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6182","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2019-00780","article-title":"Gene expression in granulosa cells from small antral follicles from women with or without polycystic ovaries","volume":"104","author":"Owens","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"10","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.10.2693","article-title":"Inhibin A, inhibin B and activin A concentrations in follicular fluid from women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Magoffin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum Reprod."},{"issue":"9","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4206","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.9.7798","article-title":"Dynamics of inhibin subunit and follistatin mRNA during development of normal and PCOS follicles","volume":"86","author":"Fujiwara","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"10","key":"2022071417235252500_CIT0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5582","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0695","article-title":"Follicular arrest in polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with deficient inhibin A and B biosynthesis","volume":"90","author":"Welt","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgac272\/43777267\/dgac272.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/107\/8\/e3374\/44886491\/dgac272.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/107\/8\/e3374\/44886491\/dgac272.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T02:56:18Z","timestamp":1700535378000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/107\/8\/e3374\/6576537"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgac272","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]]}}}