{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T18:26:23Z","timestamp":1781893583375,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,14]],"date-time":"2022-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation and nPOD-V","award":["25-2012-770"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25-2012-770"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health","award":["PE-2013-02357094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE-2013-02357094"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Involvement of the pituitary gland in SARS-CoV-2 infection has been clinically suggested by pituitary hormone deficiency in severe COVID-19 cases, by altered serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels in hospitalized patients, and by cases of pituitary apoplexy. However, the direct viral infection of the gland has not been investigated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To evaluate whether the SARS-CoV-2 genome and antigens could be present in pituitary glands of lethal cases of COVID-19, and to assess possible changes in the expression of immune-related and pituitary-specific genes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>SARS-CoV-2 genome and antigens were searched in the pituitary gland of 23 patients who died from COVID-19 and, as controls, in 12 subjects who died from trauma or sudden cardiac death. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy were utilized. Levels of mRNA transcripts of immune-related and pituitary-specific genes were measured by the nCounter assay.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The SARS-CoV-2 genome and antigens were detected in 14\/23 (61%) pituitary glands of the COVID-19 group, not in controls. In SARS-CoV-2\u2013positive pituitaries, the viral genome was consistently detected by PCR in the adeno- and the neurohypophysis. Immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the pituitary. Activation of type I interferon signaling and enhanced levels of neutrophil and cytotoxic cell scores were found in virus-positive glands. mRNA transcripts of pituitary hormones and pituitary developmental\/regulatory genes were suppressed in all COVID-19 cases irrespective of virus positivity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our study supports the tropism of SARS-CoV-2 for human pituitary and encourages exploration of pituitary dysfunction after COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,14]],"date-time":"2022-05-14T14:25:56Z","timestamp":1652538356000},"page":"2243-2253","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Suppression of Pituitary Hormone Genes in Subjects Who Died From COVID-19 Independently of Virus Detection in the Gland"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0212-8249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anello Marcello","family":"Poma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnese","family":"Proietti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0235-799X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Macerola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Bonuccelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Azienda USL Toscana Nordovest , Lucca , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Azienda USL Toscana Nordovest , Lucca , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Salvetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenza","family":"Dolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L\u2019Aquila , L\u2019Aquila , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Chill\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Basolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa , Pisa , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1706-0822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferruccio","family":"Santini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa , Pisa , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Toniolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Virus Network, University of Insubria , Varese , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1657-5020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fulvio","family":"Basolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0968-3","article-title":"Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19","volume":"26","author":"Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvaa082","article-title":"The impact of SARS-Cov-2 virus infection on the endocrine system","volume":"4","author":"Somasundaram","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E139","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00480.2020","article-title":"COVID-19 endocrinopathy with hindsight from SARS","volume":"320","author":"Kothandaraman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00291-6","article-title":"COVID-19 targets human adrenal glands","volume":"10","author":"Kanczkowski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2020.10.014","article-title":"The impact of COVID-19 viral infection on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis","volume":"27","author":"Alzahrani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocr Pract."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-021-02863-2","article-title":"Correlation between inflammatory parameters and pituitary-thyroid axis in patients with COVID-19","volume":"74","author":"Ilera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrine."},{"key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ20-0443","article-title":"Thyroid complications of SARS and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"68","author":"Speer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocr J."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1080\/17446651.2021.1968830","article-title":"Association of hypothyroidism with acute COVID-19: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Malik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774346","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.774346","article-title":"The independent association of TSH and free triiodothyronine levels with lymphocyte counts among COVID-19 patients","volume":"12","author":"Lui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14537","article-title":"Male pituitary-gonadal axis dysfunction in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome \u2013 prevalence and associated factors: a Mediterranean case series","volume":"96","author":"Moreno-Perez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)."},{"issue":"10","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-020-00441-x","article-title":"Testicular atrophy and hypothalamic pathology in COVID-19: possibility of the incidence of male infertility and HPG axis abnormalities","volume":"28","author":"Selvaraj","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13073","article-title":"Testicular pathology in fatal COVID-19: A descriptive autopsy study","volume":"10","author":"Duarte-Neto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Andrology."},{"issue":"8","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10081900","article-title":"Multisystemic cellular tropism of SARS-CoV-2 in autopsies of COVID-19 patients","volume":"10","author":"Wong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-021-00347-1","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infects and replicates in cells of the human endocrine and exocrine pancreas","volume":"3","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Metab."},{"issue":"8","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.05.013","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Infects human pancreatic \u03b2 cells and elicits \u03b2 cell impairment","volume":"33","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0016","first-page":"22","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection and pancreatic \u03b2 cell failure","volume":"11","author":"Mine","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3534","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23886-3","article-title":"Viral infiltration of pancreatic islets in patients with COVID-19","volume":"12","author":"Steenblock","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"issue":"12","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2855","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-021-01627-z","article-title":"Central diabetes insipidus (Infundibuloneuro hypophysitis): a late complication of COVID-19 infection","volume":"44","author":"Misgar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-021-02697-y","article-title":"A potential impact of SARS-CoV-2 on pituitary glands and pituitary neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"72","author":"Gu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrine."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-021-01628-y","article-title":"COVID-19 autopsy cases: detection of virus in endocrine tissues","volume":"45","author":"Poma","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest."},{"key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645787","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.645787","article-title":"Spectrum of endocrine dysfunction and association with disease severity in patients with COVID-19: insights from a cross-sectional, observational study","volume":"12","author":"Das","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bqab203","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqab203","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 on the endocrine system \u2013 a mini-review","volume":"163","author":"Clarke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7102e2","article-title":"Risk for newly diagnosed diabetes &gt;30 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection among persons aged &lt;18 years \u2013 United States, March 1, 2020-June 28, 2021","volume":"71","author":"Barrett","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-021-01148-1","article-title":"COVID-19 and the pituitary","volume":"24","author":"Frara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pituitary."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2005.18.41","article-title":"Immune modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis during viral infection","volume":"18","author":"Silverman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Viral Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-020-01080-w","article-title":"Pituitary apoplexy associated with acute COVID-19 infection and pregnancy","volume":"23","author":"Chan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pituitary."},{"key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.25259\/SNI_305_2020","article-title":"Pituitary macroadenoma apoplexy in a severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2-positive testing: causal or casual?","volume":"11","author":"Solorio-Pineda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjan.2020.06.001","article-title":"Pituitary tumor resection in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection. A case report and suggested airway management guidelines","volume":"70","author":"Santos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Braz J Anesthesiol."},{"key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.11.073","article-title":"Rare case of a disappearing pituitary adenoma during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic","volume":"146","author":"Bray","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvaa203","article-title":"A rare case of SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with pituitary apoplexy without comorbidities","volume":"5","author":"Ghosh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0031","first-page":"e13315","article-title":"Pituitary apoplexy attributed to COVID-19 infection in the absence of an underlying macroadenoma or other identifiable cause","volume":"13","author":"Bordes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbior.2021.100818","article-title":"Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and glucocorticoids in COVID-19","volume":"81","author":"Ricciotti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Biol Regul."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0616","DOI":"10.1097\/CCE.0000000000000616","article-title":"Characteristics and outcomes of patients with frailty admitted to ICU with coronavirus disease 2019: an individual patient data meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Subramaniam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit Care Explor"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01643-9","article-title":"A guide to immunotherapy for COVID-19","volume":"28","author":"van de Veerdonk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0035","volume-title":"Supplementary Material from: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in pituitary of COVID-19 cases: suppression of hormone-related genes independently of viral presence in the gland.","author":"Poma","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9736","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09567-6","article-title":"Putrescine independent wound response phenotype is produced by ODC-like RNAi in planarians","volume":"7","author":"Cassella","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"43","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15545","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506580102","article-title":"Gene set enrichment analysis: a knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles","volume":"102","author":"Subramanian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"issue":"11","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2466","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-3579","article-title":"BRAF-mutant transcriptional subtypes predict outcome of combined BRAF, MEK, and EGFR blockade with dabrafenib, trametinib, and panitumumab in patients with colorectal cancer","volume":"26","author":"Middleton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."},{"issue":"10260","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e64","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32079-1","article-title":"Why misinterpretation of electron micrographs in SARS-CoV-2-infected tissue goes viral","volume":"396","author":"Dittmayer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.02014","article-title":"The strengths of scanning electron microscopy in deciphering SARS-CoV-2 infectious cycle","volume":"11","author":"Brahim Belhaouari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14264","article-title":"Hunting coronavirus by transmission electron microscopy \u2013 a guide to SARS-CoV-2-associated ultrastructural pathology in COVID-19 tissues","volume":"78","author":"Hopfer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Histopathology."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2020.11.003","article-title":"Characterizing viral infection by electron microscopy: lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 Pandemic","volume":"191","author":"Akilesh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Pathol."},{"issue":"34","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17121","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1822046116","article-title":"Long noncoding RNAs are involved in multiple immunological pathways in response to vaccination","volume":"116","author":"de Lima","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1385\/EP:12:3:307","article-title":"CD Markers in pituitary adenomas","volume":"12","author":"Saeger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocr Pathol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2021.0345","article-title":"Activation of type I and type II interferon signaling in SARS-CoV-2-positive thyroid tissue of patients dying from COVID-19","volume":"31","author":"Poma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thyroid."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-022-01742-5","article-title":"Adipose tissue in COVID-19: detection of SARS-CoV-2 in adipocytes and activation of the interferon-alpha response","volume":"45","author":"Basolo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00823-1","article-title":"LIM factor Lhx3 contributes to the specification of motor neuron and interneuron identity through cell-type-specific protein-protein interactions","volume":"110","author":"Thaler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell."},{"issue":"5264","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5264.1004","article-title":"Specification of pituitary cell lineages by the LIM homeobox gene Lhx3","volume":"272","author":"Sheng","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1038\/76041","article-title":"Mutations in LHX3 result in a new syndrome revealed by combined pituitary hormone deficiency","volume":"25","author":"Netchine","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Genet."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(01)00369-9","article-title":"LHX3 transcription factor mutations associated with combined pituitary hormone deficiency impair the activation of pituitary target genes","volume":"265","author":"Sloop","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gene."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-016-0757-7","article-title":"Pituitary abscess: clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of 66 cases from a large pituitary center over 23 years","volume":"20","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pituitary."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-00437-2","article-title":"Insights into non-classic and emerging causes of hypopituitarism","volume":"17","author":"Prodam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-021-01180-1","article-title":"Typing of inflammatory lesions of the pituitary","volume":"25","author":"Warmbier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pituitary."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00346-6","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism in COVID-19: potential clinical and public health implications","volume":"10","author":"Bechmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022071417222169700_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01689-3","article-title":"Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19","volume":"28","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgac312\/43992061\/dgac312.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/107\/8\/2243\/44886325\/dgac312.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/107\/8\/2243\/44886325\/dgac312.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T17:24:39Z","timestamp":1657819479000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/107\/8\/2243\/6585915"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,14]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgac312","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,14]]}}}