{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T00:16:02Z","timestamp":1784938562913,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Evidence has shown maternal androgen levels in both the general population and populations with hyperandrogenic disorders are inversely associated with offspring birth weight.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We aimed to investigate the causal effect of maternal testosterone levels in the general population on offspring birth weight and preterm delivery risk using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We obtained independent genetic instruments from a sex-specific genome-wide association study with up to 230 454 females of European descent from the UK Biobank. Genetic instruments with consistent testosterone effects but no aggregate effect on sex hormone\u2013binding globulin were used to perform the main analysis. Summary-level data of offspring birth weight adjusted for genotype were obtained from a study with 210 406 females of European descent. Summary-level data of preterm delivery were obtained from the FinnGen study (6736 cases and 116 219 controls).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>MR analysis showed that each SD (0.62 nmol\/L) increase in testosterone levels could reduce the offspring birth weight by 37.26 g (95% CI,\u200519.59-54.94 g; P\u2005=\u20053.62\u2005\u00d7\u200510-5). Each SD increase in testosterone levels was also associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery (odds ratio\u2005=\u20051.329; 95% CI, 1.161-1.520; P\u2005=\u20053.57\u2005\u00d7\u200510-5). Similar results were found using different MR methods and multivariable MR analyses.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This two-sample MR study showed genetically determined higher circulating testosterone levels in females from the general population were associated with low birth weight of offspring and increased risk of preterm delivery.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T13:41:06Z","timestamp":1656337266000},"page":"2530-2538","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Maternal Testosterone and Offspring Birth Weight: A Mendelian Randomization Study"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3557-0188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bing-Kun","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450000 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue-Yi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450000 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Xian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450000 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5943-9654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng-Peng","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450000 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2022081816075575900_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.02.004","article-title":"Diagnosis of hyperandrogenism: clinical criteria","volume":"20","author":"Yildiz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022081816075575900_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031122","article-title":"Androgen excess in women: experience with over 1000 consecutive patients","volume":"89","author":"Azziz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022081816075575900_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-021-00960-w","article-title":"The genetics of testosterone contributes to \u201cfemaleness\/maleness\u201d of cardiometabolic traits and type 2 diabetes","volume":"46","author":"Vosberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022081816075575900_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.08.1435","article-title":"Neonatal outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome after frozen-thawed embryo transfer","volume":"115","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022081816075575900_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-022-00905-6","article-title":"Pregnancy, perinatal and childhood outcomes in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome and metformin during pregnancy: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"20","author":"Fornes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol."},{"key":"2022081816075575900_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d6309","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d6309","article-title":"Risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: population based cohort study","volume":"343","author":"Roos","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022081816075575900_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0246743","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246743","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome and extremely preterm birth: A nationwide register-based study","volume":"16","author":"Valgeirsdottir","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022081816075575900_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmv029","article-title":"Pregnancy complications in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Palomba","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022081816075575900_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.06.015","article-title":"Koster MPH. Increased rates of complications in singleton pregnancies of women previously diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome predominantly in the hyperandrogenic phenotype","volume":"108","author":"de Wilde","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022081816075575900_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12558","article-title":"Increased risk of preterm delivery and pre-eclampsia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and hyperandrogenaemia","volume":"121","author":"Naver","year":"2014","journal-title":"BJOG."},{"issue":"5","key":"2022081816075575900_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12829","article-title":"Increased maternal pregnancy complications in polycystic ovary syndrome appear to be independent of obesity-A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression","volume":"20","author":"Bahri Khomami","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obes Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022081816075575900_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-020-01385-4","article-title":"Sex-dependent associations of maternal androgen levels with offspring BMI and weight trajectory from birth to early childhood","volume":"44","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022081816075575900_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040174413000135","article-title":"Sex-specific associations of maternal prenatal testosterone levels with birth weight and weight gain in infancy","volume":"4","author":"Voegtline","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Dev Orig Health Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"2022081816075575900_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.18617","article-title":"Maternal hypertension increases risk of preeclampsia and low fetal birthweight: genetic evidence from a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"79","author":"Ardissino","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hypertension."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022081816075575900_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab843","article-title":"Maternal polycystic ovary syndrome and offspring birth weight: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"107","author":"Gan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"2022081816075575900_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601956","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.601956","article-title":"Does maternal normal range thyroid function play a role in offspring birth weight? 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