{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T11:48:05Z","timestamp":1791460085576,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]],"date-time":"2022-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Mudanjiang Lingtai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd"},{"name":"Endemic Disease Control Institute of Shaanxi Province","award":["20160161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20160161"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRC\/TR 296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRC\/TR 296"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 2015, we reported an increased prevalence of thyroid disease in a county of low habitual selenium (Se) intake in comparison to a neighboring county with higher intake in a cross-sectional survey in Shaanxi Province, China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore longitudinal effects of low Se status, a prospective cohort study was conducted in the same area from 2013 to 2019, and thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies (TPO-Abs) and disease incidence were compared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total 1254 individuals from 1500 reinvited participants were successfully enrolled. Venous blood, fingernails, and urine samples were collected and analyzed to evaluate thyroid status, TPO-Abs, serum Se, and urinary iodine. Diagnosis of Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) was based on elevated thyrotropin, presence of TPO-Abs, and ultrasound characteristics. Se deficiency was categorized using a serum concentration of 80 \u00b5g\/L as a threshold, and tested by logistic regression for a relationship to TPO-Abs and HT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Se deficiency was observed in 46.2% of participants from the adequate-Se county (Ziyang) and in 89.7% from the low-Se county (Ningshan). Se concentrations in fingernails differed strongly by residency (Ziyang vs Ningshan; 678.7 vs 364.3 \u03bcg\/kg; Z\u2005=\u2005\u20139.552; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.001). Newly diagnosed HT in Ziyang was less frequent than in Ningshan (0.09% vs 0.31%; \u03c7\u200a2\u2005=\u20054.350; P\u2005=\u2005.037). The conversion rate to seropositive TPO-Abs was 10.2% in Ningshan vs 5.6% in Ziyang. Excluding iodine as confounding factor, low-Se was confirmed as a risk factor for HT (relative risk [95% CI]; 3.65 [1.03-12.90]; P\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The data indicate an increased incidence of TPO-Ab seroconversion with low Se supply and support the hypothesis that Se deficiency contributes to HT as a modifiable risk factor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]],"date-time":"2022-07-05T10:08:23Z","timestamp":1657015703000},"page":"e3603-e3611","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Increased Incidence of Hashimoto Thyroiditis in Selenium Deficiency: A Prospective 6-Year Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0223-1385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710061 , China"},{"name":"Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , Xi\u2019an 710061 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, 710061 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endemic Disease Control Institute of Shaanxi Province , Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, 710003 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710061 , China"},{"name":"Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , Xi\u2019an 710061 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongjun","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, 710061 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710061 , China"},{"name":"Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , Xi\u2019an 710061 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710061 , China"},{"name":"Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , Xi\u2019an 710061 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710061 , China"},{"name":"Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , Xi\u2019an 710061 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaogang","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningshan County People\u2019s Hospital , Ningshan, Ankang, Shaanxi, 711600 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eddy","family":"Rijntjes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, 10115 , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youfa","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University , Xi\u2019an 710061 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9445-1555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lutz","family":"Schomburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, 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