{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T21:36:20Z","timestamp":1793914580841,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gothenburg Society of Medicine","award":["GLS-42371"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GLS-42371"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003849","name":"IngaBritt and Arne Lundberg Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2015-103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015-103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003849","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"M\u00e4rtha and Gustaf \u00c5gren Foundation"},{"name":"Research and Development Council"},{"name":"V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland Region","award":["VGFOUGSB-642"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VGFOUGSB-642"]}]},{"name":"ALF Agreement","award":["ALFGBG427731"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALFGBG427731"]}]},{"name":"ALF Agreement","award":["ALFGBG719711"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALFGBG719711"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There is a lack of knowledge on longitudinal sex steroid patterns during infancy, especially for boys born preterm or with low birth weight (LBW).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To find out whether LBW boys have a disturbed sex steroid profile during infancy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design and setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Population-based longitudinal study performed at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ninety-eight singleton boys (47 LBW) born at gestational age 32.0 to 36.9 weeks were included. Because of dropout, 83 of the boys were still in the study at 10 months\u2019 corrected age.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Serum androgen and estrogen concentrations were analyzed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and IGF-I was determined with radioimmunoassay in umbilical cord and at 0, 2, 5, and 10 months\u2019 corrected age.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Serum levels of androstenedione, estrone, and estradiol declined gradually from birth to 10 months corrected age. In both LBW boys and their counterparts, a surge was seen at 2 months\u2019 corrected age (3 months\u2019 chronological age) for testosterone, median (range) 6.5 (2.0-18.9) nmol\/L, and in dihydrotestosterone 1.2 (0.4-4.3) nmol\/L. At birth, LBW boys had higher median testosterone (0.7 vs 0.4 nmol\/L, P\u2005=\u20050.019), and at 0 months\u2019 corrected age, both had higher testosterone (5.7 vs 3.5 nmol\/L, P\u2005=\u20050.003) and dihydrotestosterone (1.2 vs 0.9 nmol\/L, P\u2005=\u20050.006) than their counterparts. At 10 months\u2019 corrected age, catch-up in weight SD score from birth correlated with testosterone (rho\u2005=\u20050.27, P\u2005=\u20050.044) and androstenedione (rho\u2005=\u20050.29, P\u2005=\u20050.027).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Moderately to late preterm LBW boys showed a disturbed sex hormone profile, with elevated concentrations of androgens in early infancy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T17:47:47Z","timestamp":1660672067000},"page":"e4212-e4221","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Longitudinal Sex Steroid Data in Relation to Birth Weight in Preterm Boys"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8592-5277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kerstin","family":"Allvin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gothenburg Pediatric Growth Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , S-416 85 Gothenburg , Sweden"},{"name":"Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Neonatology , S-416 85 Gothenburg , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4684-1983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carina","family":"Ankarberg-Lindgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gothenburg Pediatric Growth Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , S-416 85 Gothenburg , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9637-3439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jovanna","family":"Dahlgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gothenburg Pediatric Growth Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , S-416 85 Gothenburg , Sweden"},{"name":"Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology , S-416 85 Gothenburg , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2022120516072673900_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2016.04.023","article-title":"Evolution of steroids during pregnancy: maternal, placental and fetal synthesis","volume":"77","author":"Morel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Endocrinol (Paris)."},{"issue":"2","key":"2022120516072673900_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2017.930","article-title":"Human placental growth hormone in normal and abnormal fetal growth","volume":"7","author":"Velegrakis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"2022120516072673900_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18102037","article-title":"hCG: biological functions and clinical applications","volume":"18","author":"Nwabuobi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2022120516072673900_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2720","article-title":"Parturition itself is the basis for fetal adrenal involution","volume":"92","author":"Ben-David","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022120516072673900_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1080\/07435809609043769","article-title":"Activity of the adrenal fetal zone in preterm infants continues to term","volume":"22","author":"Midgley","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocr Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"2022120516072673900_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-40-4-545","article-title":"Pituitary-gonadal relations in infancy. 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