{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:32:33Z","timestamp":1790195553221,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Context<\/jats:title><jats:p>Supraphysiological serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentrations have been a matter of concern in children treated with GH because high IGF-I levels were associated with risk of later disease in former epidemiological studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine whether a single IGF-I measurement reliably reflects lifetime IGF-I exposure we evaluated intraindividual longitudinal tracking of IGF-I and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) levels and we estimated cumulative lifetime exposure to IGF-I in healthy and GH-treated individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 6459 healthy participants (cross-sectional = 5326; longitudinal = 1133) aged 0-76 years (9963 serum samples) and 9 patients born small-for-gestational-age (SGA) with 238 serum samples during GH treatment. Intraindividual tracking of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 (SD score [SDS]) was determined by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Cumulative lifetime IGF-I exposure was estimated by area under the curve of the predicted SDS trajectory from 0 to 76 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>For IGF-I (SDS), ICCs were 0.50 (95% CI, 0.47-0.53) for male and 0.53 (0.50-0.56) for female participants. Lifetime IGF-I exposure was significantly higher in female (mean 12 723 \u00b1 3691 SD) than in male participants (12 563 \u00b1 3393); P = 0.02. In SGA children, treatment with GH increased the lifetime exposure to IGF-I from 9512 \u00b1 1889 to 11 271 \u00b1 1689, corresponding to an increase in lifetime IGF-I trajectory from \u22120.89 SD \u00b1 0.57 to \u22120.35 SD \u00b1 0.49.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Because IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels track throughout life, a single measurement reliably reflects lifetime exposure. GH therapy increased the lifetime exposure to IGF-I only slightly and it remained below the average lifetime exposure in the reference population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T09:18:49Z","timestamp":1665998329000},"page":"642-652","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Tracking and Cumulative Lifetime Exposure to IGF-I in 6459 Healthy Individuals and in SGA Children Treated With GH"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3623-7635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Sophie L","family":"Kjaer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen DK-2100 , Denmark"},{"name":"International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen 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