{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:22:09Z","timestamp":1792113729060,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]],"date-time":"2022-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are used off-label in the management of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in real-world practice as adjuvant therapies to insulin. There are few real-world data regarding efficacy and safety of this practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This work aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of GLP-1RAs and sodium-glucose SGLT2is in the management of T1DM in real-world practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective chart review was performed of all instances of GLP-1RA and\/or SGLT2i use greater than 90 days in adult patients with T1DM at a single academic center. We report the clinical and safety outcomes over the duration of use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 104 patients with T1DM who ever used a GLP-1RA (76 patients) or SGLT2i (39 patients) for more than 90 days. After 1 year of therapy, GLP-1RA users had statistically significant reductions in weight (90.5 kg to 85.4 kg; P &amp;lt; .001), glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (7.7% to 7.3%; P = .007), and total daily dose of insulin (61.8 units to 41.9 units; P &amp;lt; .001). SGLT2i users had statistically significant reductions in HbA1c (7.9% to 7.3%; P &amp;lt; .001) and basal insulin (31.3 units to 25.6 units; P = .003). GLP-1RA users compared to SGLT2i users had greater reduction in weight (P = .027) while HbA1c reduction was comparable between the groups. Over a mean total duration of use of 29.5 months\/patient for both groups, more SGLT2i users experienced diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (12.8% vs 3.9%). Therapy was discontinued because of adverse events 26.9% of the time for GLP-1RA users vs 27.7% for SGLT2i users.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GLP-1RA and SGLT2i use in T1DM is associated with clinically relevant benefits. DKA remains a clinical concern with SGLT2i use, requiring careful patient selection and monitoring, with the risk to benefit ratio of treatment evaluated at an individual level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]],"date-time":"2022-10-21T06:10:41Z","timestamp":1666332641000},"page":"920-930","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Clinical and Safety Outcomes With GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and SGLT2 Inhibitors in Type 1 Diabetes: A Real-World Study"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6806-7461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khary","family":"Edwards","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine\/Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas 75390-8857 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xilong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas 75390-8857 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7006-7401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ildiko","family":"Lingvay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine\/Endocrinology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas 75390-8857 , USA"},{"name":"Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas 75390-8857 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"2023031010311127200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2589","DOI":"10.2337\/dci21-0043","article-title":"The management of type 1 diabetes in adults. 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