{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:10:02Z","timestamp":1789603802049,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA227481"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA227481"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are cancer therapies that are approved for use in at least 19 different cancers. They function by stimulating immune cell responses against cancer, and their toxicities comprise a host of autoinflammatory syndromes that may impact any organ system. Endocrine toxicities occur in as high as 25% to 50% of ICI recipients, depending on the treatment regimen used. These toxicities vary in severity from mild, asymptomatic cases of subclinical hypothyroidism to severe, fatal cases of adrenal crisis, thyroid dysfunction, or diabetic ketoacidosis. Thus, timely recognition and treatment is critical. Herein, we present clinical cases of ICI-induced thyroid dysfunction, hypophysitis, and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. We use these cases to discuss the screening, diagnosis, and management of ICI-associated endocrine dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T22:42:55Z","timestamp":1670539375000},"page":"1514-1525","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Approach to the Patient With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor\u2013Associated Endocrine Dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2043-0150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordan J","family":"Wright","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37232 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6390-773X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas B","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN 37232 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7340","key":"2023051701100489100_dgac689-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1038\/471561a","article-title":"Melanoma drug wins us approval","volume":"471","author":"Ledford","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023051701100489100_dgac689-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e200423","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.0423","article-title":"Estimation of the percentage of us patients with cancer who are eligible for immune checkpoint inhibitor drugs","volume":"3","author":"Haslam","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw 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