{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T22:44:25Z","timestamp":1790376265757,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004191","name":"Novo Nordisk","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004191","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Context<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early initiation of growth hormone (GH) therapy is recommended for short children born small for gestational age (SGA); however, real-world data indicate that treatment is often delayed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to assess the impact of patient age at GH therapy initiation on long-term growth outcomes and safety in short children born SGA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analysis of pooled data from NordiNet\u00ae International Outcome Study (NCT00960128; 469 European clinics) and the ANSWER Program (NCT01009905; 207 US clinics), two large, complementary observational studies. Patients received GH as prescribed by their treating physician. Enrolled patients born SGA were categorized into three groups based on their age at GH treatment initiation: 2 to &amp;lt;4 years, 4 to &amp;lt;6 years, and \u22656 years. Patient characteristics at birth and GH initiation, auxology, and safety data were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effectiveness analysis (treatment-na\u00efve and prepubertal patients at GH initiation) included 3318 patients: 10.7% aged 2 to &amp;lt;4 years at therapy initiation, 31.6% aged 4 to &amp;lt;6 years, and 57.7% aged \u22656 years. Following 8 years of therapy, the mean improvement in height standard deviation score from baseline was significantly greater in the 2 to &amp;lt;4 years group vs the 4 to &amp;lt;6 years (+2.5 vs +2.2; P = 0.0054) and \u22656 years groups (+2.5 vs +1.7; P &amp;lt; 0.0001). No unexpected safety events were reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early initiation of GH therapy in short children born SGA may be an important contributor to height optimization. The data are reassuring regarding the long-term safety of GH therapy in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T20:16:01Z","timestamp":1670271361000},"page":"1043-1052","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Early Growth Hormone Initiation Leads to Favorable Long-Term Growth Outcomes in Children Born Small for Gestational Age"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0534-4350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anders","family":"Juul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Rigshospitalet , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2398-9520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Backeljauw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, OH 45229 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5647-7519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Cappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS , 00165 Roma , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0353-4334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Pietropoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Health Care AG, Global Medical Affairs Biopharm , 8058 Zurich , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2445-2338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicky","family":"Kelepouris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Inc., Clinical, Medical and Regulatory Biopharm-RED , Plainsboro, NJ 08536 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3455-002X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agn\u00e8s","family":"Linglart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AP-HP, Paris Saclay University, INSERM, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Endocrinology and Diabetology for Children, Bic\u00eatre Paris Saclay Hospital , 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicetre , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Pf\u00e4ffle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Center for 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