{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T21:16:03Z","timestamp":1793740563858,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Non-Profit Central Research Institute Fund of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","award":["2020-RW330-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-RW330-002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Context<\/jats:title><jats:p>The hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal (HPA) axis may be associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, whether HPA axis dysfunction is associated with incident T2D remains unclear in patients with hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the relationship between the diurnal cortisol features and the risk of incident T2D in patients with hypertension and OSA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants with cortisol rhythm test at baseline in the Urumqi Research on Sleep Apnea and Hypertension cohort were enrolled. The Cox regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between ln-transformed diurnal cortisol features and T2D risk. Stratified and sensitivity analyses were also performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1478 patients with hypertension and OSA were enrolled in this study. During a median follow-up of 7.0 years, 196 participants developed T2D. Overall, a steep diurnal cortisol slope (DCS) was significantly associated with decreased T2D risk (per SD increase, HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.79-0.97, P = .014). Midnight cortisol was positively associated with increased T2D risk (per SD increase, HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.08-1.45, P = .003). Sensitivity analyses showed similar results. Neither DCS nor midnight cortisol was associated with incident T2D in the women\u2019s subgroup or participants with mild OSA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Steeper DCS and higher midnight cortisol levels are associated with lower and higher T2D risks in patients with hypertension and OSA, respectively, at least in men or participants with moderate to severe OSA. Diurnal cortisol features may represent an early prevention target for diabetes in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T15:56:45Z","timestamp":1680796605000},"page":"e679-e686","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Diurnal Cortisol Features and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Patients With Hypertension and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5374-6277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Gan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region \u201cHypertension Research Laboratory\u201d, Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases , Urumqi, Xinjiang 830001 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1505-8566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nanfang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region \u201cHypertension Research Laboratory\u201d, Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases , Urumqi, Xinjiang 830001 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mulalibieke","family":"Heizhati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region \u201cHypertension Research Laboratory\u201d, Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases , Urumqi, Xinjiang 830001 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region \u201cHypertension Research Laboratory\u201d, Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases , Urumqi, Xinjiang 830001 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region \u201cHypertension Research Laboratory\u201d, Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases , Urumqi, Xinjiang 830001 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region \u201cHypertension Research Laboratory\u201d, Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases , Urumqi, Xinjiang 830001 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region \u201cHypertension Research Laboratory\u201d, Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases , Urumqi, Xinjiang 830001 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region \u201cHypertension Research Laboratory\u201d, Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases , Urumqi, Xinjiang 830001 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miaomiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region \u201cHypertension Research Laboratory\u201d, Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases , Urumqi, Xinjiang 830001 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adalaiti","family":"Maitituersun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hypertension Center of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Hypertension Institute, NHC Key Laboratory of Hypertension Clinical Research, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region \u201cHypertension Research Laboratory\u201d, Xinjiang Clinical Medical Research Center for Hypertension (Cardio-Cerebrovascular) Diseases , Urumqi, Xinjiang 830001 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119","article-title":"IDF Diabetes atlas: global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045","volume":"183","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-018-0728-6","article-title":"Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: a systematic literature review of scientific evidence from across the world in 2007-2017","volume":"17","author":"Einarson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672350","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.672350","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes-related chronic kidney disease from 1990 to 2019","volume":"12","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"10258","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","article-title":"Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","author":"GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20795","article-title":"Long-term cortisol levels measured in scalp hair of obese patients","volume":"22","author":"Wester","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"issue":"7","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002801","article-title":"Impact of cortisol on blood pressure and hypertension-mediated organ damage in hypertensive patients","volume":"39","author":"Haddad","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.12.237","article-title":"The association of morning serum cortisol with glucose metabolism and diabetes: the Jackson Heart Study","volume":"103","author":"Ortiz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"7","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2021.107933","article-title":"The 24-hour average concentration of cortisol is elevated in obese African-American youth with type 2 diabetes","volume":"35","author":"Gumus Balikcioglu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"issue":"7","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)00086-3","article-title":"Complications of Cushing's syndrome: state of the art","volume":"4","author":"Pivonello","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-022-00683-6","article-title":"Fresh insights into glucocorticoid-induced diabetes mellitus and new therapeutic directions","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13217","article-title":"Cortisol dysregulation: the bidirectional link between stress, depression, and type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"1391","author":"Joseph","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4625","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2459","article-title":"Association of diurnal patterns in salivary cortisol with type 2 diabetes in the Whitehall II study","volume":"99","author":"Hackett","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"09","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1275288","article-title":"Flattened circadian cortisol rhythm in type 2 diabetes","volume":"119","author":"Lederbogen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"issue":"7","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2011.11.006","article-title":"Diurnal salivary cortisol and urinary catecholamines are associated with diabetes mellitus: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis","volume":"61","author":"Champaneri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-2853","article-title":"Diurnal cortisol patterns, future diabetes, and impaired glucose metabolism in the Whitehall II Cohort Study","volume":"101","author":"Hackett","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-016-0887-8","article-title":"Lack of significant association between type 2 diabetes mellitus with longitudinal change in diurnal salivary cortisol: the multiethnic study of atherosclerosis","volume":"53","author":"Spanakis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.104519","article-title":"Morning and evening type: the cortisol awakening response in a sleep laboratory","volume":"112","author":"Petrowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3762","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13113762","article-title":"The importance of being a \u2018Lark\u2019 in post-menopausal women with obesity: a ploy to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus?","volume":"13","author":"Barrea","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12844","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12844","article-title":"Evening chronotype is associated with hormonal and metabolic disorders in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"74","author":"Barrea","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-022-01159-3","article-title":"Evening chronotype is associated with severe NAFLD in obesity","volume":"46","author":"Vetrani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-22-0412","article-title":"Diurnal cortisol features with cardiovascular disease in hypertensive patients: a cohort study","volume":"187","author":"Gan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B22","first-page":"8295010","article-title":"Detection of secondary causes and coexisting diseases in hypertensive patients: OSA and PA are the common causes associated with hypertension","volume":"2017","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(02)00108-7","article-title":"Two formulas for computation of the area under the curve represent measures of total hormone concentration versus time-dependent change","volume":"28","author":"Pruessner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006","article-title":"A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate","volume":"150","author":"Levey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.8.1108","article-title":"The 1997 American diabetes association and 1999 World Health Organization criteria for hyperglycemia in the diagnosis and prediction of diabetes","volume":"23","author":"Gabir","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Gan","year":"2023","DOI":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.22047158.v2"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2009.03552.x","article-title":"Relationships between cortisol level, mortality and chronic diseases in older persons","volume":"71","author":"Schoorlemmer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3483","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0483","article-title":"Associations of salivary cortisol levels with metabolic syndrome and its components: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis","volume":"96","author":"DeSantis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E56","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20047","article-title":"Diurnal salivary cortisol is associated with body mass index and waist circumference: the multiethnic study of atherosclerosis","volume":"21","author":"Champaneri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.05.018","article-title":"Diurnal cortisol slopes and mental and physical health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"83","author":"Adam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.028595","article-title":"Gender\/sex as a social determinant of cardiovascular risk","volume":"137","author":"O'Neil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S178","DOI":"10.1016\/S1550-8579(07)80057-X","article-title":"Anxiety disorders: sex differences in prevalence, degree, and background, but gender-neutral treatment","volume":"4","author":"Bekker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gend Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890.2017.1369523","article-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axes: sex differences in regulation of stress responsivity","volume":"20","author":"Oyola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stress"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0167-9","article-title":"Sex differences in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis\u2019 response to stress: an important role for gonadal hormones","volume":"44","author":"Heck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2012.02267.x","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnoea and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.04.130","article-title":"Incident type 2 diabetes in OSA and effect of CPAP treatment: a retrospective clinic cohort study","volume":"156","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2011.05.003","article-title":"Is obstructive sleep apnea associated with cortisol levels? A systematic review of the research evidence","volume":"16","author":"Tomfohr","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568823","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.568823","article-title":"Associations between morning salivary and blood cortisol concentrations in individuals with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Imani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4234","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1174","article-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation in obstructive sleep apnea: the effect of continuous positive airway pressure therapy","volume":"94","author":"Henley","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-2-3","article-title":"The role of glucocorticoid action in the pathophysiology of the metabolic syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nutr Metab (Lond)"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1159\/000314319","article-title":"Pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus in Cushing's Syndrome","volume":"92","author":"Pivonello","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"10","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2939","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.10.2939","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces skeletal muscle insulin resistance in healthy human subjects via inhibition of Akt substrate 160 phosphorylation","volume":"54","author":"Plomgaard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.142.5.8168","article-title":"Regulation of expression of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in adipose tissue: tissue-specific induction by cytokines","volume":"142","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S304\u2013","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(01)02236-1","article-title":"Sympathetic nervous system and insulin resistance: from obesity to diabetes","volume":"14","author":"Esler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.675355","article-title":"Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments: association with metabolic risk factors in the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"116","author":"Fox","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1367.012","article-title":"Tissue production of cortisol by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and metabolic disease","volume":"1083","author":"Walker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29069","article-title":"Inflammation and insulin resistance","volume":"116","author":"Shoelson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023081819554396400_dgad184-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.12.013","article-title":"Inflammation in obesity, diabetes, and related disorders","volume":"55","author":"Rohm","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunity"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgad184\/50034314\/dgad184.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/108\/9\/e679\/51171913\/dgad184.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/108\/9\/e679\/51171913\/dgad184.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,10]],"date-time":"2023-12-10T09:27:15Z","timestamp":1702200435000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/108\/9\/e679\/7109980"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgad184","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]}}}