{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T19:51:27Z","timestamp":1765828287547,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23DK113218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DK113218"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000867","name":"Robert Wood Johnson Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000867","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital Claflin Award","award":["1UL1TR001102-01","8 UL1 TR000170-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1UL1TR001102-01","8 UL1 TR000170-05"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007299","name":"Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007299","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers of Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["HHSD2002013M53968B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSD2002013M53968B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends a 3-day preparatory diet prior to a diagnostic oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), a test often recommended in postpartum individuals with a history of gestational diabetes (GDM).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Evaluate the relationship between carbohydrate intake and OGTT glucose in 2 cohorts of postpartum individuals.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We performed analyses of postpartum individuals from 2 prospective studies with recent GDM (Balance after Baby Intervention, BABI, n = 177) or risk factors for GDM (Study of Pregnancy Regulation of INsulin and Glucose, SPRING, n = 104) .We measured carbohydrate intake using 24-hour dietary recalls (SPRING) or Food Frequency Questionnaire (BABI) and performed 2-hour 75-g OGTTs. The main outcome measure was 120-minute post-OGTT glucose.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There was no relationship between carbohydrate intake and 120-minute post-OGTT glucose level in either study population (SPRING: \u03b2 = 0.03, [\u22125.5, 5.5] mg\/dL, P = .99; BABI: \u03b2 = \u22123.1, [\u22129.5, 3.4] mg\/dL, P = .35). Adding breastfeeding status to the model did not change results (SPRING \u03b2 = \u22120.14, [\u22125.7, 5.5] mg\/dL, P = .95; BABI \u03b2 = \u22123.9, [\u221210.4, 2.7] mg\/dL, P = .25). There was, however, an inverse relationship between glycemic index and 120-minute post OGTT glucose (BABI: \u03b2 = \u22121.1, [\u22122.2, \u22120.03] mg\/dL, P = .04).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Carbohydrate intake is not associated with post-OGTT glucose levels among postpartum individuals. Dietary preparation prior to the OGTT may not be necessary in this population.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T17:09:49Z","timestamp":1682442589000},"page":"e1007-e1012","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Carbohydrate Intake and Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Results in the Postpartum Period"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5352-0585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily A","family":"Rosenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, MA 02115 , USA"},{"name":"Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, MA 02114 , USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02115 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen W","family":"Seely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, MA 02115 , USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02115 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaitlyn","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, MA 02114 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marti D","family":"Soffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02115 , USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, MA 02114 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stacey","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, MA 02114 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacinda M","family":"Nicklas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, CO 80045 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7060-7778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camille E","family":"Powe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, MA 02114 , USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02115 , USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, MA 02114 , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B1","first-page":"S19","article-title":"2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of care in diabetes\u20142023","volume":"46","author":"ElSayed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102144","article-title":"Hemoglobin A1c for diagnosis of postpartum abnormal glucose tolerance among women with gestational diabetes mellitus: diagnostic meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Su","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4227","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2465","article-title":"Diabetes and pregnancy: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"98","author":"Blumer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002501","article-title":"ACOG practice bulletin no. 190: gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"131","author":"Committee on Practice Bulletins\u2014Obstetrics","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-194004000-00014","article-title":"Interpretation of glucose tolerance test. Necessity of a standard preparatory diet","volume":"199","author":"Conn","year":"1940","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B6","first-page":"B161","article-title":"Summary and recommendations of the fourth international workshop-conference on gestational diabetes mellitus. The Organizing Committee","volume":"21","author":"Metzger","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvab049","article-title":"Carbohydrate intake prior to oral glucose tolerance testing","volume":"5","author":"Klein","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2019-0359","article-title":"Reduced glucose tolerance and skeletal muscle GLUT4 and IRS1 content in cyclists habituated to a long-term low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet","volume":"30","author":"Webster","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2012.58","article-title":"Short-term low carbohydrate\/high-fat diet intake increases postprandial plasma glucose and glucagon-like peptide-1 levels during an oral glucose tolerance test in healthy men","volume":"66","author":"Numao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"9124","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)60263-2","article-title":"Low carbohydrate intake before oral glucose-tolerance tests","volume":"352","author":"Kaneko","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.189.59","article-title":"Impairment of glucose tolerance in normal adults following a lowered carbohydrate intake","volume":"189","author":"Wang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.9.5.386","article-title":"The effect of prior carbohydrate intake on the oral glucose tolerance test","volume":"9","author":"Wilkerson","year":"1960","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"21","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196005262622101","article-title":"Diagnostic evaluation of oral glucose tolerance tests in nondiabetic subjects after various levels of carbohydrate intake","volume":"262","author":"Wilkerson","year":"1960","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B14","first-page":"275","article-title":"The effect of the previous diet on glucose tolerance tests","volume":"35","author":"Irving","year":"1954","journal-title":"Glasgow Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B15","first-page":"725","article-title":"Reduced carbohydrate intake in the preparatory diet and the reliability of the oral glucose tolerance test","volume":"46","author":"Hughes","year":"1975","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.108869","article-title":"Relationship between carbohydrate intake and oral glucose tolerance test results among pregnant women","volume":"176","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1999","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa053","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in the relationship between hemoglobin A1c and glucose tolerance across pregnancy and postpartum","volume":"105","author":"Edelson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-021-05622-0","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in glucose during pregnancy in women with gestational diabetes risk factors","volume":"65","author":"Bochkur Dratver","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"journal-title":"Am J Perinatol","article-title":"Breastfeeding associated with lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome in women with gestational diabetes in the very early postpartum period","author":"Blair","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B19"},{"journal-title":"Am J Lifestyle Med","article-title":"Self-Efficacy and readiness to change among women with recent gestational diabetes engaging in a web-based lifestyle intervention: the balance after baby intervention trial","author":"Saxon","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B20"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-S002","article-title":"2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes\u20142020","volume":"43","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2012.04.016","article-title":"The Automated Self-Administered 24-hour dietary recall (ASA24): a resource for researchers, clinicians, and educators from the national cancer institute","volume":"112","author":"Subar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.083238","article-title":"Performance of the automated self-administered 24-hour recall relative to a measure of true intakes and to an interviewer-administered 24-h recall","volume":"100","author":"Kirkpatrick","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu467","article-title":"Comparison of interviewer-administered and automated self-administered 24-hour dietary recalls in 3 diverse integrated health systems","volume":"181","author":"Thompson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9030218","article-title":"A potential tool for clinicians; evaluating a computer-led dietary assessment method in overweight and obese women during weight loss","volume":"9","author":"Widaman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2009.02.003","article-title":"Challenges in converting an interviewer-administered food probe database to self-administration in the national cancer institute automated self-administered 24-hour recall (ASA24)","volume":"22","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Food Compost Anal"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/123.3.489","article-title":"A diet history questionnaire ranks nutrient intakes in middle-aged and older men and women similarly to multiple food records","volume":"123","author":"Mares-Perlman","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(90)90099-B","article-title":"Validation of a self-administered diet history questionnaire using multiple diet records","volume":"43","author":"Block","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600-0412.2003.00187.x","article-title":"The relationship between carbohydrate intake and glucose tolerance in pregnant women","volume":"82","author":"Takizawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/79.3.479","article-title":"Effect of macronutrient intake on the development of glucose intolerance during pregnancy","volume":"79","author":"Saldana","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114518002453","article-title":"Maternal dietary pattern characterised by high protein and low carbohydrate intake in pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in Chinese women: a prospective cohort study","volume":"120","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.018861","article-title":"Effect of macronutrient intake during the second trimester on glucose metabolism later in pregnancy","volume":"94","author":"Ley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"7285","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(63)91500-9","article-title":"The glucose fatty-acid cycle. Its role in insulin sensitivity and the metabolic disturbances of diabetes mellitus","volume":"1","author":"Randle","year":"1963","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13011","article-title":"Influence of dietary protein on postprandial blood glucose levels in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus using intensive insulin therapy","volume":"33","author":"Paterson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.7.5.465","article-title":"Effect of protein ingestion on the glucose and insulin response to a standardized oral glucose load","volume":"7","author":"Nuttall","year":"1984","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-3-16","article-title":"Control of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes without weight loss by modification of diet composition","volume":"3","author":"Gannon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nutr Metab (Lond)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.16.6.874","article-title":"Effect of added fat on plasma glucose and insulin response to ingested potato in individuals with NIDDM","volume":"16","author":"Gannon","year":"1993","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2011.654013","article-title":"Sugar-fat seesaw: a systematic review of the evidence","volume":"55","author":"Sadler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023091800451668700_dgad234-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-1970","article-title":"Prolonged glycemic adaptation following transition from a low- to high-carbohydrate diet: a randomized controlled feeding trial","volume":"45","author":"Jansen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgad234\/50399729\/dgad234.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/108\/10\/e1007\/51533136\/dgad234.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/108\/10\/e1007\/51533136\/dgad234.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]],"date-time":"2023-09-18T00:45:50Z","timestamp":1694997950000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/108\/10\/e1007\/7142567"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgad234","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0021-972X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1945-7197"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]}}}