{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:38:56Z","timestamp":1792791536589,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":146,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union, Horizon 2020 Research & Innovation Program"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is essential for activating and maintaining the function of the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013gonadal axis, which controls the onset of puberty and fertility. Two recent studies suggest that, in addition to controlling reproduction, the neurons in the brain that produce GnRH are also involved in the control of postnatal brain maturation, odor discrimination, and adult cognition. This review will summarize the development and establishment of the GnRH system, with particular attention to the importance of its first postnatal activation, a phenomenon known as minipuberty, for later reproductive and nonreproductive functions. In addition, we will discuss the beneficial effects of restoring physiological (ie, pulsatile) GnRH levels on olfactory and cognitive alterations in preclinical Down syndrome and Alzheimer disease models, as well as the potential risks associated with long-term continuous (ie, nonphysiological) GnRH administration in certain disorders. Finally, this review addresses the intriguing possibility that pulsatile GnRH therapy may hold therapeutic potential for the management of some neurodevelopmental cognitive disorders and pathological aging in elderly people.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T10:31:29Z","timestamp":1685615489000},"page":"2747-2758","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["New Horizons: Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Cognition"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7185-3615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Pr\u00e9vot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR S1172 , Lille F-59000 , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4741-5567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Tena-Sempere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Maim\u00f3nides de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de C\u00f3rdoba (IMIBIC) , 14004 C\u00f3rdoba , Spain"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of C\u00f3rdoba , 14004 C\u00f3rdoba , Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , 14004 C\u00f3rdoba , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0971-3237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nelly","family":"Pitteloud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital , Lausanne 1011 , Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Universit\u00e9 of Lausanne , Lausanne 1005 , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"2023101816054293500_dgad319-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3969","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.139444","article-title":"Development of the neurons controlling fertility in humans: new insights from 3D imaging and transparent fetal brains","volume":"143","author":"Casoni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023101816054293500_dgad319-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13087","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.13087","article-title":"Development of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone system","volume":"34","author":"Duittoz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023101816054293500_dgad319-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2015.112","article-title":"Expert consensus document: European consensus 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