{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T17:08:18Z","timestamp":1784740098132,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011635","name":"Fuwai Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011635","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005150","name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NCRC 2020013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCRC 2020013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005150","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["2020-I2M-C&T-B-049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-I2M-C&T-B-049"]}]},{"name":"China International Exchange and Promotion Association for Medical and Healthcare Investigator Sponsored Study","award":["CN174125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CN174125"]}]},{"name":"China International Exchange and Promotion Association for Medical and Healthcare Investigator Sponsored Study","award":["DIREGL08735-DAPT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DIREGL08735-DAPT"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The association between free fatty acids (FFAs) and unfavorable clinical outcomes has been reported in the general population. However, evidence in the secondary prevention population is relatively scarce.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We aimed to examine the relationship between FFA and cardiovascular risk in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study was based on a multicenter cohort of patients with CAD enrolled from January 2015 to May 2019. The primary outcome was all-cause death. Secondary outcomes included cardiac death and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), a composite of death, myocardial infarction, and unplanned revascularization.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During a follow-up of 2 years, there were 468 (3.0%) all-cause deaths, 335 (2.1%) cardiac deaths, and 1279 (8.1%) MACE. Elevated FFA levels were independently associated with increased risks of all-cause death, cardiac death, and MACE (all P &amp;lt; .05). Moreover, When FFA were combined with an original model derived from the Cox regression, there were significant improvements in discrimination and reclassification for prediction of all-cause death (net reclassification improvement [NRI] 0.245, P &amp;lt; .001; integrated discrimination improvement [IDI] 0.004, P = .004), cardiac death (NRI 0.269, P &amp;lt; .001; IDI 0.003, P = .006), and MACE (NRI 0.268, P &amp;lt; .001; IDI 0.004, P &amp;lt; .001). Notably, when stratified by age, we found that the association between FFA with MACE risk appeared to be stronger in patients aged \u226560 years compared with those aged &amp;lt;60 years.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In patients with CAD, FFAs are associated with all-cause death, cardiac death, and MACE. Combined evaluation of FFAs with other traditional risk factors could help identify high-risk individuals who may require closer monitoring and aggressive treatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T18:24:16Z","timestamp":1691173456000},"page":"125-134","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Association Between Free Fatty Acids and Cardiometabolic Risk in Coronary Artery Disease: Results From the PROMISE Study"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Deshan","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100037 , People's Republic of 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Cardiology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100037 , People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100037 , People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofang","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100037 , People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4569-6737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaling","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command , Shenyang 110000 , People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100037 , People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongzhen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing 100037 , People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7411-0454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100037 , People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaogang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of 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