{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T07:24:48Z","timestamp":1770708288460,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82273623"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82273623"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82073554"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82073554"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81930124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81930124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82021005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82021005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82204140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82204140"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hubei Province Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars","award":["2021CFA048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021CFA048"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021GCRC076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021GCRC076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021GCRC075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021GCRC075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Evidence linking glucose metabolism status with brain macro- and microstructure is limited and inconsistent.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We aim to investigate the associations of glucose metabolism status with brain macrostructure and microstructure, including brain volumes, subcortical gray matter volumes, and white matter microstructural metrics.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study enrolled 29 251 participants from the UK Biobank. Glucose metabolism status was classified into normal glucose metabolism (NGM), prediabetes, type 2 diabetes (T2D) with HbA1c &amp;lt;7%, and T2D with HbA1c \u22657%. Brain macrostructural metrics included volumes of total and subcortical gray matter, white matter, white matter hyperintensity (WMH), cerebrospinal fluid, and brain stem. Brain microstructural metrics included fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity in white matter tracts. Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate \u03b2 values and 95% CI.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>After multivariable adjustment including demographic and lifestyle factors, medical history, and total intracranial volume, those with prediabetes had smaller total and subcortical gray matter volumes than participants with NGM, while atrophy of total and subcortical gray matter was more pronounced in those with T2D (all P trend &amp;lt; .05). Moreover, participants with T2D had larger volumes of white matter and WMH (both P trend &amp;lt; .05). For brain microstructure, participants with prediabetes had lower FA values in commissural fibers (\u03b2 \u22120.04; 95% CI \u22120.08, \u22120.003). Global and tract-specific microstructural abnormalities of white matter were observed in participants with T2D, especially for T2D with HbA1c \u2265 7% (all P trend &amp;lt; .05), except for FA values in projection fibers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>These findings suggest that interventions for hyperglycemia at an earlier stage may help protect brain health.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T08:41:51Z","timestamp":1690447311000},"page":"e234-e242","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Associations of Glucose Metabolism Status with Brain Macrostructure and Microstructure: Findings from the UK Biobank"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Ruyi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6220-3968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tingting","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0385-5712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunjing","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingying","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zixin","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziyue","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine , Shiyan ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1089-7945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"An","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1430-3016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70284-2","article-title":"Risk of dementia in diabetes mellitus: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Biessels","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"9933","key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60040-4","article-title":"Diabetes as a risk factor for stroke in women compared with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 64 cohorts, including 775,385 individuals and 12,539 strokes","volume":"383","author":"Peters","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2244","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0348","article-title":"Brain changes underlying cognitive dysfunction in diabetes: what can we learn from MRI?","volume":"63","author":"Biessels","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-1185","article-title":"Diabetes, prediabetes, and brain volumes and subclinical cerebrovascular disease on MRI: the atherosclerosis risk in communities neurocognitive study (ARIC-NCS)","volume":"40","author":"Schneider","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-2300","article-title":"Glycemic status and brain injury in older individuals: the age gene\/environment susceptibility-Reykjavik study","volume":"32","author":"Saczynski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14551","article-title":"Relation of dysglycemia to structural brain changes in a multiethnic elderly cohort","volume":"65","author":"Reitz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13780","article-title":"The impact of type 2 diabetes and body mass index on cerebral structure is modulated by brain reserve","volume":"26","author":"Walsh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-2800","article-title":"Association between diabetes and hippocampal atrophy in elderly Japanese: the Hisayama study","volume":"39","author":"Hirabayashi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-1132","article-title":"Prediabetes is associated with structural brain abnormalities: the Maastricht study","volume":"41","author":"van Agtmaal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.06.3060","article-title":"Prediabetes and diabetes accelerate cognitive decline and predict microvascular lesions: a population-based cohort study","volume":"15","author":"Marseglia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dementia"},{"key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104144","article-title":"Reduced white matter microstructural integrity in prediabetes and diabetes: a population-based study","volume":"82","author":"Jing","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779","article-title":"UK Biobank: an open access resource for identifying the causes of a wide range of complex diseases of middle and old age","volume":"12","author":"Sudlow","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Li","DOI":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.23660883"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0162388","article-title":"Algorithms for the capture and adjudication of prevalent and incident diabetes in UK biobank","volume":"11","author":"Eastwood","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.10.034","article-title":"Image processing and quality control for the first 10,000 brain imaging datasets from UK biobank","volume":"166","author":"Alfaro-Almagro","year":"2018","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.07.018","article-title":"BIANCA (Brain intensity AbNormality classification algorithm): a new tool for automated segmentation of white matter hyperintensities","volume":"141","author":"Griffanti","year":"2016","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e73","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2020.74","article-title":"Evaluating the effect of birth weight on brain volumes and depression: an observational and genetic study using UK biobank cohort","volume":"63","author":"Ye","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B18","volume-title":"Health and deprivation: inequality and the North","author":"Townsend","year":"1988"},{"issue":"20","key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy695","article-title":"Association of estimated sleep duration and naps with mortality and cardiovascular events: a study of 116 632 people from 21 countries","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1339-0","article-title":"Physical activity, multimorbidity, and life expectancy: a UK biobank longitudinal study","volume":"17","author":"Chudasama","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006","article-title":"A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate","volume":"150","author":"Levey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2396","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.23068","article-title":"Association between depressive symptoms and incident cardiovascular diseases","volume":"324","author":"Harshfield","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2021.100915","article-title":"A multimodal meta-analysis of regional structural and functional brain alterations in type 2 diabetes","volume":"62","author":"Yao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2021.0189","article-title":"Association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and brain atrophy: a meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab J"},{"key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2019.100782","article-title":"Brain microstructural abnormalities in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of diffusion tensor imaging studies","volume":"55","author":"Sanjari Moghaddam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0493","article-title":"Microstructural white matter abnormalities and cognitive functioning in type 2 diabetes: a diffusion tensor imaging study","volume":"36","author":"Reijmer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.09.041","article-title":"Microstructural white matter abnormalities in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a diffusion tensor imaging study","volume":"59","author":"Hsu","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3596","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0342","article-title":"White matter integrity disruptions associated with cognitive impairments in type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"63","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2009.04.016","article-title":"Emotional and neutral declarative memory impairments and associated white matter microstructural abnormalities in adults with type 2 diabetes","volume":"174","author":"Yau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2017.02.030","article-title":"Advanced glycation end-products produced systemically and by macrophages: A common contributor to inflammation and degenerative diseases","volume":"177","author":"Byun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"10284","key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32205-4","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease","volume":"397","author":"Scheltens","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-191236","article-title":"High dietary advanced glycation end products impair mitochondrial and cognitive function","volume":"76","author":"Akhter","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"21","key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4179","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2506-18.2019","article-title":"Endothelial Adora2a activation promotes blood-brain barrier breakdown and cognitive impairment in mice with diet-induced insulin resistance","volume":"39","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"18","key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023446","article-title":"Prediabetes and type 2 diabetes are associated with generalized microvascular dysfunction: the Maastricht study","volume":"134","author":"S\u00f6rensen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"17","key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4531","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1618659114","article-title":"Size-selective opening of the blood-brain barrier by targeting endothelial sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1","volume":"114","author":"Yanagida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2001.tb00381.x","article-title":"Central role of microglia in neonatal excitotoxic lesions of the murine periventricular white matter","volume":"11","author":"Tahraoui","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70016-X","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases and their multiple roles in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"8","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(02)01486-3","article-title":"Ageing and diabetes: implications for brain function","volume":"441","author":"Biessels","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00588069","article-title":"MRI Of the brain in diabetes mellitus","volume":"36","author":"Araki","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025062416080026100_dgad442-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(95)93897-7","article-title":"Radical AGEing in Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"18","author":"Smith","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgad442\/51079497\/dgad442.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/109\/1\/e234\/54731211\/dgad442.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/109\/1\/e234\/54731211\/dgad442.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T20:08:12Z","timestamp":1750795692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/109\/1\/e234\/7231990"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgad442","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]}}}