{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:47:53Z","timestamp":1787021273070,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CH\/12\/4\/29762"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CH\/12\/4\/29762"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Arteries from boys with hypospadias demonstrate hypercontractility and impaired vasorelaxation. The role of sex hormones in these responses in unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We compared effects of sex steroids on vascular reactivity in healthy boys and boys with hypospadias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Excess foreskin tissue was obtained from 11 boys undergoing hypospadias repair (cases) and 12 undergoing routine circumcision (controls) (median age [range], 1.5 [1.2-2.7] years) and small resistance arteries were isolated. Vessels were mounted on wire myographs and vascular reactivity was assessed in the absence\/presence of 17\u03b2-estradiol, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and testosterone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In controls, testosterone and 17\u03b2-estradiol increased contraction (percent of maximum contraction [Emax]: 83.74 basal vs 125.4 after testosterone, P &amp;lt; .0002; and 83.74 vs 110.2 after estradiol, P = .02). 17\u03b2-estradiol reduced vasorelaxation in arteries from controls (Emax: 10.6 vs 15.6 to acetylcholine, P &amp;lt; .0001; and Emax: 14.6 vs 20.5 to sodium nitroprusside, P &amp;lt; .0001). In hypospadias, testosterone (Emax: 137.9 vs 107.2, P = .01) and 17\u03b2-estradiol (Emax: 156.9 vs 23.6, P &amp;lt; .0001) reduced contraction. Androgens, but not 17\u03b2-estradiol, increased endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasorelaxation in cases (Emax: 77.3 vs 51.7 with testosterone, P = .02; and vs 48.2 with DHT to acetylcholine, P = .0001; Emax: 43.0 vs 39.5 with testosterone, P = .02; and 39.6 vs 37.5 with DHT to sodium nitroprusside, P = .04).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In healthy boys, testosterone and 17\u03b2-estradiol promote a vasoconstrictor phenotype, whereas in boys with hypospadias, these sex hormones reduce vasoconstriction, with androgens promoting vasorelaxation. Differences in baseline artery function may therefore be sex hormone-independent and the impact of early-life variations in androgen exposure on vascular function needs further study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T14:33:41Z","timestamp":1694010821000},"page":"e735-e744","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of Sex Hormones on Vascular Reactivity in Boys With Hypospadias"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2662-1684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela K","family":"Lucas-Herald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Center for Research Excellence, University of Glasgow , 126 University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8TA , UK"},{"name":"Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children , 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Augusto C","family":"Montezano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Center for Research Excellence, University of Glasgow , 126 University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8TA , UK"},{"name":"Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, McGill University , 1001 Boul D\u00e9carie, Montr\u00e9al, QC H4A 3J1 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rheure","family":"Alves-Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Center for Research Excellence, University of Glasgow , 126 University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8TA , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Haddow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Center for Research Excellence, University of Glasgow , 126 University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8TA , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"O\u2019Toole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Children, Royal Hospital for Children , 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, Scotland , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5296-0423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martyn","family":"Flett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Children, Royal Hospital for Children , 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, Scotland , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boma","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Children, Royal Hospital for Children , 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, Scotland , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S Basith","family":"Amjad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Children, Royal Hospital for Children , 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, Scotland , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mairi","family":"Steven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Children, Royal Hospital for Children , 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, Scotland , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"McNeilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children , 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF , UK"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital , Glasgow G51 4TF, Scotland , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katriona","family":"Brooksbank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Center for Research Excellence, University of Glasgow , 126 University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8TA , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0670-0887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rhian M","family":"Touyz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Center for Research Excellence, University of Glasgow , 126 University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8TA , UK"},{"name":"Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, McGill University , 1001 Boul D\u00e9carie, Montr\u00e9al, QC H4A 3J1 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0689-5549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S Faisal","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children , 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B1","volume-title":"The Developing Human: Clinically Orientated Embryology","author":"Moore","year":"2016","edition":"10th ed"},{"key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1159\/000363609","article-title":"The masculinization programming window","volume":"27","author":"Welsh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocr Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2016.08.006","article-title":"Shorter anogenital and anoscrotal distances correlate with the severity of hypospadias: a prospective study","volume":"13","author":"Cox","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2009.01005.x","article-title":"Androgen action in the masculinization programming window and development of male reproductive organs","volume":"33","author":"MacLeod","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI34241","article-title":"Identification in rats of a programming window for reproductive tract masculinization, disruption of which leads to hypospadias and cryptorchidism","volume":"118","author":"Welsh","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dex280","article-title":"Prevalence of endocrine and genetic abnormalities in boys evaluated systematically for a disorder of sex development","volume":"32","author":"Nixon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"19","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac112","article-title":"Vascular dysfunction and increased cardiovascular risk in hypospadias","volume":"43","author":"Lucas-Herald","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.104.031930","article-title":"Vascular development in early human embryos and in teratomas derived from human embryonic stem cells1","volume":"71","author":"Gerecht-Nir","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002292","article-title":"Does early life programming influence arterial stiffness and central hemodynamics in adulthood?","volume":"38","author":"Sperling","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hypertens"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-021-02951-2","article-title":"Arterial health during early childhood following abnormal fetal growth","volume":"22","author":"Olander","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvq303","article-title":"Foetal hypoxia increases cardiac AT2R expression and subsequent vulnerability to adult ischaemic injury","volume":"89","author":"Xue","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0138388","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138388","article-title":"Maternal nutrient restriction alters ca2 + handling properties and contractile function of isolated left ventricle bundles in male but not female juvenile rats","volume":"10","author":"Harvey","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R651","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.90756.2008","article-title":"Vascular nitric oxide and superoxide anion contribute to sex-specific programmed cardiovascular physiology in mice","volume":"296","author":"Roghair","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am JPhysiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-814445","article-title":"Testosterone regulates mRNA levels of calcium regulatory proteins in cardiac myocytes","volume":"36","author":"Golden","year":"2004","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20140548","article-title":"Testosterone induces leucocyte migration by NADPH oxidase-driven ROS- and COX2-dependent mechanisms","volume":"129","author":"Chignalia Andreia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2006.09.007","article-title":"Androgens potentiate renal vascular responses to angiotensin II via amplification of the rho kinase signaling pathway","volume":"72","author":"Song","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"S1","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1994.tb02428.x","article-title":"Testosterone treatment enhances thromboxane A2 mimetic induced coronary artery vasoconstriction in Guinea pigs","volume":"24","author":"Schr\u00f6r","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1113\/EP085148","article-title":"The molecular actions of oestrogen in the regulation of vascular health","volume":"101","author":"Usselman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-010716-104651","article-title":"GPER (GPR30): A nongenomic receptor (GPCR) for steroid hormones with implications for cardiovascular disease and cancer","volume":"57","author":"Feldman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2001.0413","article-title":"Estrogen receptor-\u03b1 knockout mice exhibit resistance to the developmental effects of neonatal diethylstilbestrol exposure on the female reproductive tract.","volume":"238","author":"Couse","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03349170","article-title":"Polymorphisms of estrogen receptor \u03b2 gene are associated with hypospadias","volume":"29","author":"Beleza-Meireles","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H77","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01021.2020","article-title":"Guidelines for the measurement of vascular function and structure in isolated arteries and veins","volume":"321","author":"Wenceslau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J PhysiolHeart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07668","article-title":"Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase\u2013mediated redox signaling and vascular remodeling by 16\u03b1-hydroxyestrone in human pulmonary artery cells: implications in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"68","author":"Hood","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1485","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00809.2013","article-title":"Testosterone induces apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells via extrinsic apoptotic pathway with mitochondria-generated reactive oxygen species involvement","volume":"306","author":"Lopes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J PhysiolHeart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2016.08.016","article-title":"Testosterone replacement attenuates intimal hyperplasia development in an androgen deficient model of vascular injury","volume":"207","author":"Freeman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24807","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24807","article-title":"Ablation of the androgen receptor from vascular smooth muscle cells demonstrates a role for testosterone in vascular calcification","volume":"6","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3-5","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2008.11.014","article-title":"Dihydrotestosterone and estradiol-17beta mutually neutralize their inhibitory effects on human vascular smooth muscle cell growth in vitro","volume":"113","author":"Somjen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Molec Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2011.07.111","article-title":"Arterial stiffness and 24 hours ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in young healthy volunteers: the early vascular ageing Aristotle University Thessaloniki Study (EVA\u2013ARIS study)","volume":"219","author":"Kotsis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-16481-2_29","article-title":"Healthy vascular ageing and early vascular ageing","author":"Currie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Textbook of Vascular Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1080\/07435800.2018.1448868","article-title":"Vasoactive androgens: vasorelaxing effects and their potential regulation of blood pressure","volume":"43","author":"Isidoro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20050354","article-title":"Effect of testosterone on ex vivo vascular reactivity in man","volume":"111","author":"Malkin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2007.04683.x","article-title":"Cerebrovascular effects of oestrogen: multiplicity of action","volume":"34","author":"Duckles","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.107.08002","article-title":"Vascular actions of estrogens: functional implications","volume":"60","author":"Miller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-20-0153","article-title":"Testosterone increases bradykinin-induced relaxation in the coronary bed of hypertensive rats","volume":"65","author":"Arapa-Diaz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Mol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8080288","article-title":"Spotlight on a new heme oxygenase pathway: testosterone-induced shifts in cardiac oxidant\/antioxidant status","volume":"8","author":"Szab\u00f3","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2014.02.008","article-title":"Survey of pediatric urologists on the preoperative use of testosterone in the surgical correction of hypospadias","volume":"10","author":"Malik","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2015.00031","article-title":"The influence of pre-operative hormonal stimulation on hypospadias repair","volume":"3","author":"Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2010.05.003","article-title":"Does androgen stimulation prior to hypospadias surgery increase the rate of healing complications?\u2014a preliminary report","volume":"7","author":"Gorduza","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1080\/13685538.2018.1494144","article-title":"Expression of sex steroid receptors and aromatase in adipose tissue in different body regions in men with coronary artery disease with and without ischemic systolic heart failure","volume":"23","author":"Kalici\u0144ska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Male"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.12.008","article-title":"Expression of estrogen receptor alpha and beta is decreased in hypospadias","volume":"187","author":"Qiao","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den098","article-title":"Genetic polymorphisms of ESR1 and ESR2 that may influence estrogen activity and the risk of hypospadias","volume":"23","author":"Ban","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.2013.2270","article-title":"Genetic polymorphisms in the ESR1 gene and cerebral infarction risk: a meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"DNA Cell Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e103444","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0103444","article-title":"Endothelial function and insulin resistance in early postmenopausal women with cardiovascular risk factors: importance of ESR1 and NOS3 polymorphisms","volume":"9","author":"Clapauch","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1291\/hypres.30.205","article-title":"Association between estrogen receptor \u03b1 (ESR1) gene polymorphisms and severe preeclampsia","volume":"30","author":"Molvarec","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.06.027","article-title":"Hypospadias prevalence and trends in international birth defect surveillance systems, 1980\u20132010","volume":"76","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2005.00636.x","article-title":"Adverse effects of environmental antiandrogens and androgens on reproductive development in mammals 1","volume":"29","author":"Earl Gray","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"2024011817405740900_dgad525-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.005","article-title":"Androgen and estrogen receptor expression in the developing human penis and clitoris","volume":"111","author":"Baskin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Differentiation"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgad525\/51649925\/dgad525.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/109\/2\/e735\/55523287\/dgad525.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/109\/2\/e735\/55523287\/dgad525.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T12:43:03Z","timestamp":1705581783000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/109\/2\/e735\/7261683"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgad525","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]]}}}