{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T03:31:53Z","timestamp":1788838313491,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23CDA1054471"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23CDA1054471"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013845","name":"Pediatric Endocrine Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013845","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Boston Children\u2019s Hospital Office of Faculty Development","award":["R01DK075787"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK075787"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"UK Medical Research Council and Wellcome Trust","award":["217065\/Z\/19\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["217065\/Z\/19\/Z"]}]},{"name":"UK Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust","award":["084632\/Z\/08\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["084632\/Z\/08\/Z"]}]},{"name":"UK Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust","award":["076467\/Z\/05\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["076467\/Z\/05\/Z"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK077659"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK077659"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD034568"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD034568"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG3OD023286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3OD023286"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF18CC0033668"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF18CC0033668"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF15OC0016544"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF15OC0016544"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012774","name":"Innovation Fund Denmark","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0603-00484B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0603-00484B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has historically been conceptualized as a disorder of the reproductive system in women. However, offspring of women with PCOS begin to show metabolic features of PCOS in childhood, suggestive of childhood manifestations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To identify childhood manifestations of genetic risk for PCOS.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We calculated a PCOS polygenic risk score (PRS) for 12 350 girls and boys in 4 pediatric cohorts\u2014ALSPAC (UK), COPSAC (Denmark), Project Viva (USA), and The HOLB\u00c6K Study (Denmark). We tested for association of the PRS with PCOS-related phenotypes throughout childhood and with age at pubarche and age at peak height velocity and meta-analyzed effects across cohorts using fixed-effect models.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Higher PRS for PCOS was associated with higher body mass index in midchildhood (0.05 kg\/m2 increase per 1 SD of PRS, 95% CI 0.03, 0.07, P = 3 \u00d7 10\u22125) and higher risk of obesity in early childhood (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.13, 1.59, P = .0009); both persisted through late adolescence (P all \u2264.03). Higher PCOS PRS was associated with earlier age at pubarche (0.85-month decrease per 1 SD of PRS, 95% CI \u22121.44, \u22120.26, P = .005) and younger age at peak height velocity (0.64-month decrease per 1 SD of PRS, 95% CI \u22120.94, \u22120.33, P = 4 \u00d7 10\u22125).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Genetic risk factors for PCOS are associated with alterations in metabolic, growth, and developmental traits in childhood. Thus, PCOS may not simply be a condition that affects women of reproductive age but, rather, a possible manifestation of an underlying condition that affects both sexes starting in early life.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T15:52:48Z","timestamp":1694188368000},"page":"380-388","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Pediatric Features of Genetic Predisposition to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8782-1818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, MA 02115 , USA"},{"name":"Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA 02142 , USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Harvard 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E","family":"Stinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen 2200 , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens-Christian","family":"Holm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen 2200 , Denmark"},{"name":"The Children's Obesity Clinic, Accredited European Centre for Obesity Management, Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Holb\u00e6k , Holb\u00e6k 4300 , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8748-3831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Torben","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen 2200 , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7752-2585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie-France","family":"Hivert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute , Boston, MA 02215 , USA"},{"name":"Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, MA 02114 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"B\u00f8nnelykke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood Research Center (COPSAC), Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev-Gentofte , Copenhagen 2820 , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rany 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