{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T19:32:34Z","timestamp":1792006354419,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012774","name":"Innovation Fund Denmark","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0603-00484B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0603-00484B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF15OC0016544"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF15OC0016544"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"MicrobLiver Challenge","award":["NNF15OC0016692"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF15OC0016692"]}]},{"name":"Copenhagen Bioscience","award":["NNF18CC0033668"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF18CC0033668"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007405","name":"Danish Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18-R125-A8447"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18-R125-A8447"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007405","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"BRIDGE\u2014Translational Excellence","award":["NNF18SA0034956"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF18SA0034956"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pediatric obesity is characterized by insulin resistance, yet it remains unclear whether insulin resistance contributes to abnormalities in glucagon and incretin secretion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine whether fasting and stimulated glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) concentrations differ between children and adolescents with obesity and insulin resistance (OIR), obesity and normal insulin sensitivity (OIS), and controls with normal weight (NW).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>80 (34 boys) children and adolescents, aged 7-17 years with OIR (n = 22), OIS (n = 22), and NW (n = 36) underwent an oral glucose tolerance test with measurements of serum insulin, plasma glucose, glucagon, total GLP-1, and total GIP. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), single point insulin sensitivity estimator (SPISE), Matsuda index, insulinogenic index (IGI), and oral disposition index (ODI) were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fasting concentrations of glucagon and GLP-1 were higher in the OIR group, with no significant differences for GIP. The OIR group had higher glucagon total area under the curve (tAUC0-120) and lower GLP-1 incremental AUC (iAUC0-120), with no significant differences in GIP iAUC0-120. Higher fasting glucagon was associated with higher HOMA-IR, lower Matsuda index, lower SPISE, higher IGI, and higher plasma alanine transaminase, whereas higher fasting GLP-1 was associated with higher HOMA-IR, lower Matsuda index, and lower ODI. Higher glucagon tAUC0-120 was associated lower SPISE and lower Matsuda index, whereas lower GLP-1 iAUC0-120 was associated with a higher HOMA-IR, lower Matsuda index, and lower ODI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children and adolescents with OIR have elevated fasting concentrations of glucagon and GLP-1, higher glucagon and lower GLP-1 responses during an OGTT compared to those with OIS and NW. In contrast, individuals with OIS have similar hormone responses to those with NW.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad728","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T19:32:58Z","timestamp":1702495978000},"page":"1590-1600","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Altered Glucagon and GLP-1 Responses to Oral Glucose in Children and Adolescents With Obesity and Insulin Resistance"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1491-9179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara Elizabeth","family":"Stinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ierai","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez de Retana Alzola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie Damgaard","family":"Br\u00fcnner Hovendal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen , Denmark"},{"name":"The Children's Obesity Clinic, accredited European Centre for Obesity Management, Department of Pediatrics, Holb\u00e6k Hospital , 4300 Holb\u00e6k , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morten Asp Vonsild","family":"Lund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Children's Obesity Clinic, accredited European Centre for Obesity Management, Department of Pediatrics, Holb\u00e6k Hospital , 4300 Holb\u00e6k , Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cilius Esmann","family":"Fonvig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen , Denmark"},{"name":"The Children's Obesity Clinic, accredited European Centre for Obesity Management, Department of Pediatrics, Holb\u00e6k Hospital , 4300 Holb\u00e6k , Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise Aas","family":"Holm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen , Denmark"},{"name":"The Children's Obesity Clinic, accredited European Centre for Obesity Management, Department of Pediatrics, Holb\u00e6k Hospital , 4300 Holb\u00e6k , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Elisabet","family":"Jonsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Frithioff-B\u00f8js\u00f8e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen , Denmark"},{"name":"The Children's Obesity Clinic, accredited European Centre for Obesity Management, Department of Pediatrics, Holb\u00e6k Hospital , 4300 Holb\u00e6k , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Christiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen , Denmark"},{"name":"Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institute , 2300 Copenhagen , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3321-3972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oluf","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen , Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospital , 2900 Copenhagen , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"\u00c4ngquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thorkild I A","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen , Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 1353 Copenhagen , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6853-3805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens Juul","family":"Holst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen , Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8509-2036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bolette","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen , Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4653-342X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens-Christian","family":"Holm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen , Denmark"},{"name":"The Children's Obesity Clinic, accredited European Centre for Obesity Management, Department of Pediatrics, Holb\u00e6k Hospital , 4300 Holb\u00e6k , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8748-3831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Torben","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2200 Copenhagen , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00047-X","article-title":"Obesity in children and adolescents: epidemiology, causes, assessment, and management","volume":"10","author":"Jebeile","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S310","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-s273","article-title":"Metabolic complications of childhood obesity: identifying and mitigating the risk","volume":"31","author":"Weiss","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30110-8","article-title":"Causes, consequences, and treatment of metabolically unhealthy fat distribution","volume":"8","author":"Stefan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00025.2016","article-title":"The new biology and pharmacology of glucagon","volume":"97","author":"Muller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13372","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13372","article-title":"The incretin\/glucagon system as a target for pharmacotherapy of obesity","volume":"23","author":"Del Prato","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac108","article-title":"Hyperglucagonemia in pediatric adiposity associates with cardiometabolic risk factors but not hyperglycemia","volume":"107","author":"Stinson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3957","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac273","article-title":"Understanding the pathophysiology of youth-onset Type 2 Diabetes (T2D): importance of alpha-cell function","volume":"107","author":"Lat","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1275","article-title":"Basal alpha-cell up-regulation in obese insulin-resistant adolescents","volume":"96","author":"Weiss","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12890","article-title":"Hyperglucagonemia in youth is associated with high plasma free fatty acids, visceral adiposity, and impaired glucose tolerance","volume":"20","author":"Manell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2958","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00194","article-title":"High DPP-4 concentrations in adolescents are associated with low intact GLP-1","volume":"103","author":"Stenlid","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgz261","article-title":"Postprandial dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and impaired gut peptides\/bile acids in adolescents with obesity","volume":"105","author":"Higgins","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3481","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2019-00161","article-title":"Fructose consumption contributes to hyperinsulinemia in adolescents with obesity through a GLP-1-mediated mechanism","volume":"104","author":"Galderisi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab098","article-title":"Fasting plasma GLP-1 is associated with overweight\/obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents","volume":"106","author":"Stinson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3778","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab301","article-title":"Elevation of fasting GLP-1 levels in child and adolescent obesity: friend or foe?","volume":"106","author":"Kubota","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3846","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-1951","article-title":"beta-cell function, incretin effect, and incretin hormones in obese youth along the span of glucose tolerance from normal to prediabetes to type 2 diabetes","volume":"63","author":"Michaliszyn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E774","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00496.2015","article-title":"The incretin effect in obese adolescents with and without type 2 diabetes: impaired or intact?","volume":"310","author":"Aulinger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.13303","article-title":"Beta cell function, incretin hormones, and incretin effect in obese children and adolescents with prediabetes","volume":"23","author":"Sakornyutthadej","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200005000-00012","article-title":"Augmentation of alimentary insulin secretion despite similar gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) responses in juvenile obesity","volume":"47","author":"Heptulla","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964406","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.964406","article-title":"Glucagon and other proglucagon-derived peptides in the pathogenesis of obesity","volume":"9","author":"Holst","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.3109\/17477166.2011.575157","article-title":"Chronic care treatment of obese children and adolescents","volume":"6","author":"Holm","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Obes"},{"key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2015.07.012","article-title":"Reference values for serum total adiponectin in healthy non-obese children and adolescents","volume":"450","author":"Lausten-Thomsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-S002","article-title":"2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of medical care in diabetes-2021","volume":"44","author":"American Diabetes A","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B23","first-page":"538","article-title":"Glucose metabolism in children and adolescents: population-based reference values and comparisons to children and adolescents enrolled in obesity treatment","volume":"20","author":"Frithioff-Bojsoe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801515","article-title":"Body mass index of 0 to 45-y-old Danes: reference values and comparison with published European reference values","volume":"25","author":"Nysom","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.18544\/PEDM-23.03.0083","article-title":"Estimates of insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in children and adolescents with and without components of the metabolic syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Frithioff-Bojsoe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883","article-title":"Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man","volume":"28","author":"Matthews","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2016.257436","article-title":"Modification and validation of the triglyceride-to-HDL cholesterol ratio as a surrogate of insulin sensitivity in white juveniles and adults without diabetes Mellitus: the single point insulin sensitivity estimator (SPISE)","volume":"62","author":"Paulmichl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.9.1462","article-title":"Insulin sensitivity indices obtained from oral glucose tolerance testing: comparison with the euglycemic insulin clamp","volume":"22","author":"Matsuda","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105534","article-title":"Insulin secretion in response to glycemic stimulus: relation of delayed initial release to carbohydrate intolerance in mild diabetes mellitus","volume":"46","author":"Seltzer","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.1994.tb00273.x","article-title":"Understanding oral glucose tolerance: comparison of glucose or insulin measurements during the oral glucose tolerance test with specific measurements of insulin resistance and insulin secretion","volume":"11","author":"Phillips","year":"1994","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1478","article-title":"Oral disposition index predicts the development of future diabetes above and beyond fasting and 2-h glucose levels","volume":"32","author":"Utzschneider","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B32","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2021"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad728","article-title":"Altered glucagon and GLP-1 responses to oral glucose in children and adolescents with obesity and insulin resistance","volume":"109","author":"Stinson","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250100003","article-title":"Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is associated with reduced insulin-induced suppression of glucagon concentrations","volume":"44","author":"Ahren","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3473","DOI":"10.2337\/db16-0240","article-title":"Insulin resistance is accompanied by increased fasting glucagon and delayed glucagon suppression in individuals with normal and impaired glucose regulation","volume":"65","author":"Faerch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00251","article-title":"The liver-alpha-cell axis and type 2 diabetes","volume":"40","author":"Wewer Albrechtsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-020-05332-z","article-title":"Altered hormonal and autonomic nerve responses to hypo- and hyperglycaemia are found in overweight and insulin-resistant individuals and may contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes","volume":"64","author":"Lundqvist","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-1751","article-title":"GLP-1 Response to oral glucose is reduced in prediabetes, screen-detected type 2 diabetes, and obesity and influenced by sex: the ADDITION-PRO study","volume":"64","author":"Faerch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-1283","article-title":"GLP-1 responses are heritable and blunted in acquired obesity with high liver fat and insulin resistance","volume":"37","author":"Matikainen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-0726","article-title":"Insulin regulates glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion from the enteroendocrine L cell","volume":"150","author":"Lim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13129","article-title":"Incretin hormones: their role in health and disease","volume":"20","author":"Nauck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3346","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-0465","article-title":"Secretion of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide in patients with type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies","volume":"36","author":"Calanna","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-3133","article-title":"Glucose-Dependent insulinotropic polypeptide is associated with lower low-density lipoprotein but unhealthy fat distribution, independent of insulin: the ADDITION-PRO study","volume":"101","author":"Moller","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2021.100477","article-title":"Four groups of type 2 diabetes contribute to the etiological and clinical heterogeneity in newly diagnosed individuals: an IMI DIRECT study","volume":"3","author":"Wesolowska-Andersen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23312","article-title":"Insulin resistance persists despite a metabolically healthy obesity phenotype","volume":"30","author":"Hoddy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802929","article-title":"Lower-body fat mass as an independent marker of insulin sensitivity--the role of adiponectin","volume":"29","author":"Buemann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4535-5","article-title":"Evidence of a liver-alpha cell axis in humans: hepatic insulin resistance attenuates relationship between fasting plasma glucagon and glucagonotropic amino acids","volume":"61","author":"Wewer Albrechtsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-020-05334-x","article-title":"The liver-alpha cell axis associates with liver fat and insulin resistance: a validation study in women with non-steatotic liver fat levels","volume":"64","author":"Gar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-2210","article-title":"Lack of evidence for a causal role of hyperinsulinemia in the progression of obesity in children and adolescents: a longitudinal study","volume":"45","author":"Halloun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B50","first-page":"E214","article-title":"Glucose clamp technique: a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistance","volume":"237","author":"DeFronzo","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031503","article-title":"Validation of insulin sensitivity indices from oral glucose tolerance test parameters in obese children and adolescents","volume":"89","author":"Yeckel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.02.013","article-title":"The oral disposition index: a valuable estimate of beta-cell function in obese youth","volume":"161","author":"Caprio","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12352","article-title":"Specificity and sensitivity of commercially available assays for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1): implications for GLP-1 measurements in clinical studies","volume":"16","author":"Bak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8352957","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8352957","article-title":"Inability of some commercial assays to measure suppression of glucagon secretion","volume":"2016","author":"Wewer Albrechtsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024051707025278400_dgad728-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3283-z","article-title":"Hyperglucagonaemia analysed by glucagon sandwich ELISA: nonspecific interference or truly elevated levels?","volume":"57","author":"Wewer Albrechtsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetologia"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgad728\/54932051\/dgad728.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/109\/6\/1590\/57708972\/dgad728.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/109\/6\/1590\/57708972\/dgad728.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T03:04:30Z","timestamp":1715915070000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/109\/6\/1590\/7471654"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgad728","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]]}}}