{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T22:29:35Z","timestamp":1790288975366,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In Cushing syndrome (CS), prolonged exposure to high cortisol levels results in a wide range of devastating effects causing multisystem morbidity. Despite the efficacy of treatment leading to disease remission and clinical improvement, hypercortisolism-induced complications may persist. Since glucocorticoids use the epigenetic machinery as a mechanism of action to modulate gene expression, the persistence of some comorbidities may be mediated by hypercortisolism-induced long-lasting epigenetic changes. Additionally, glucocorticoids influence microRNA expression, which is an important epigenetic regulator as it modulates gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. Evidence suggests that chronically elevated glucocorticoid levels may induce aberrant microRNA expression which may impact several cellular processes resulting in cardiometabolic disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The present article reviews the evidence on epigenetic changes induced by (long-term) glucocorticoid exposure. Key aspects of some glucocorticoid-target genes and their implications in the context of CS are described. Lastly, the effects of epigenetic drugs influencing glucocorticoid effects are discussed for their ability to be potentially used as adjunctive therapy in CS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T12:09:52Z","timestamp":1710936592000},"page":"e1424-e1433","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Epigenetic Mechanisms Modulated by Glucocorticoids With a Focus on Cushing Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3078-5200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ticiana","family":"Paes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center , 3015 GD Rotterdam , The Netherlands"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston 02115, MA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2319-391X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard A","family":"Feelders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center , 3015 GD Rotterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4897-2197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leo J","family":"Hofland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center , 3015 GD Rotterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"2024051707044414700_dgae151-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3162","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac492","article-title":"Approach to the patient: 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