{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T10:15:47Z","timestamp":1791281747517,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"NHMRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1173314"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1173314"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"NHMRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2008956"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2008956"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"NHMRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1175744"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1175744"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Australian Government Research and Training Program"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy And Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AI179004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI179004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The plasma metabolome is a functional readout of metabolic activity and is associated with phenotypes exhibiting sexual dimorphism, such as cardiovascular disease. Sex hormones are thought to play a key role in driving sexual dimorphism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) is a cornerstone of transgender care, but longitudinal changes in the plasma metabolome with feminizing GAHT have not been described.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blood samples were collected at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of GAHT from transgender women (n = 53). Participants were randomized to different anti-androgens, cyproterone acetate or spironolactone. Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics was used to measure 249 metabolic biomarkers in plasma. Additionally, we used metabolic biomarker data from an unrelated cohort of children and their parents (n = 3748) to identify sex- and age-related metabolite patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 43 metabolic biomarkers altered after 6 months in both anti-androgen groups, most belonging to the very low- or low-density lipoprotein subclasses, with all but 1 showing a decrease. We observed a cyproterone acetate-specific decrease in glutamine, glycine, and alanine levels. Notably, of the metabolic biomarkers exhibiting the most abundant \u201csex- and age-related\u201d pattern (higher in assigned female children and lower in assigned female adults, relative to assigned males), 80% were significantly lowered after GAHT, reflecting a shift toward the adult female profile.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results suggest an anti-atherogenic signature in the plasma metabolome after the first 6 months of feminizing GAHT, with cyproterone acetate also reducing specific plasma amino acids. This study provides novel insight into the metabolic changes occurring across feminizing GAHT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]],"date-time":"2024-04-11T03:09:06Z","timestamp":1712804946000},"page":"2857-2871","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Impact of Distinct Antiandrogen Exposures on the Plasma Metabolome in Feminizing Gender-affirming Hormone Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Shepherd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Immunity, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital , Parkville, VIC 3052 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lachlan M","family":"Angus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3052 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health , Heidelberg, VIC 3084 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toby","family":"Mansell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3052 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Inflammatory Origins, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital , Parkville, VIC 3052 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bridget","family":"Arman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Therapeutics Discovery and Vascular Function Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital for Women , Heidelberg, VIC 3084 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women , Heidelberg, VIC 3084 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital for Women , Heidelberg, VIC 3084 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo Won","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Immunity, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital , Parkville, VIC 3052 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3052 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3052 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"The Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital , Parkville, VIC 3052 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8304-4302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Burgner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3052 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Inflammatory Origins, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital , Parkville, VIC 3052 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica A","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3052 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago , Christchurch 8011 ,","place":["New Zealand"]},{"name":"Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Population Health Theme , Parkville, VIC 3052 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3052 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6881-775X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ken","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Mind Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital , Parkville, VIC 3052 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Adolescent Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital , Parkville, VIC 3052 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey D","family":"Zajac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3052 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health , Heidelberg, VIC 3084 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9510-4181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Saffery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Immunity, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital , Parkville, VIC 3052 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3052 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5257-5525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ada","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3052 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health , Heidelberg, VIC 3084 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5623-9008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boris","family":"Novakovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Immunity, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital , Parkville, VIC 3052 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3052 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1080\/26895269.2022.2100644","article-title":"Standards of care for the health of transgender and gender diverse people, version 8","volume":"23","author":"Coleman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Transgend Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bvab011","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvab011","article-title":"Hormone therapy, mental health, and quality of life among transgender people: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Baker","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717766","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.717766","article-title":"Short-term effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on dysphoria and quality of life in transgender individuals: a prospective controlled study","volume":"12","author":"Foster Skewis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1080\/26895269.2022.2038334","article-title":"Surgical satisfaction and quality of life outcomes reported by transgender men and women at least one year post gender-affirming surgery: a systematic literature review","volume":"23","author":"Javier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Transgend Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1089\/trgh.2020.0094","article-title":"The effect of gender-affirming hormones on gender dysphoria, quality of life, and psychological functioning in transgender individuals: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"van Leerdam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transgend Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-19-0272","article-title":"Cyproterone acetate or spironolactone in lowering testosterone concentrations for transgender individuals receiving oestradiol therapy","volume":"8","author":"Angus","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.10.1928","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of estrogen and lipid-lowering therapies in postmenopausal women","volume":"93","author":"Guetta","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2013.10.009","article-title":"Interpreting laboratory results in transgender patients on hormone therapy","volume":"127","author":"Roberts","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14568","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32647-0","article-title":"Menstrual cycle rhythmicity: metabolic patterns in healthy women","volume":"8","author":"Draper","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3080","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13093080","article-title":"Longitudinal plasma metabolomics profile in pregnancy-a study in an ethnically diverse U.S. pregnancy cohort","volume":"13","author":"Mitro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11040193","article-title":"Broad metabolome alterations associated with the intake of oral contraceptives are mediated by cortisol in premenopausal women","volume":"11","author":"Eick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwac060","article-title":"Menopause modulates the circulating metabolome: evidence from a prospective cohort study","volume":"29","author":"Karppinen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-2785","article-title":"Cross-sex hormones and acute cardiovascular events in transgender persons: a cohort study","volume":"169","author":"Getahun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.038584","article-title":"Occurrence of acute cardiovascular events in transgender individuals receiving hormone therapy","volume":"139","author":"Nota","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604000","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.604000","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism in innate immunity: the role of sex hormones and epigenetics","volume":"11","author":"Shepherd","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2000","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab934","article-title":"Incident diabetes risk is not increased in transgender individuals using hormone therapy","volume":"107","author":"van Velzen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa546","article-title":"Approach to interpreting common laboratory pathology tests in transgender individuals","volume":"106","author":"Cheung","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914016","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.914016","article-title":"Sex differences in lipid metabolism: implications for systemic lupus erythematosus and cardiovascular disease risk","volume":"9","author":"Robinson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-022-01236-4","article-title":"Gender-affirming hormone therapy induces specific DNA methylation changes in blood","volume":"14","author":"Shepherd","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Epigenetics"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.31128\/AJGP-01-20-5197","article-title":"Hormone therapy for trans and gender diverse patients in the general practice setting","volume":"49","author":"Cundill","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aust J Gen Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.50259","article-title":"Position statement on the hormonal management of adult transgender and gender diverse individuals","volume":"211","author":"Cheung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36231-7","article-title":"Atlas of plasma NMR biomarkers for health and disease in 118,461 individuals from the UK biobank","volume":"14","author":"Julkunen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGENETICS.114.000216","article-title":"Quantitative serum nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics in cardiovascular epidemiology and genetics","volume":"8","author":"Soininen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Genet"},{"key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shepherd R, Angus LM, Mansell T, et al. Supplementary Data from: \u201cImpact of distinct antiandrogen Exposures on the Plasma Metabolome in Feminizing Gender-affirming Hormone therapy\u201d. Figshare. 2024. 10.25374\/MCRI.25142837","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae226"},{"key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B25","author":"R Core Team","year":"2021"},{"key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B26","author":"Pinheiro J, Bates D, R Core Team","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y","year":"1995","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc B (Methodol)"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020261","article-title":"Child Health CheckPoint: cohort summary and methodology of a physical health and biospecimen module for the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children","volume":"9","author":"Clifford SA, Davies S, Wake M, Child Health CheckPoint Team","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-02014-8","article-title":"Influence of the microbiome, diet and genetics on inter-individual variation in the human plasma metabolome","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13121181","article-title":"Technical report: a comprehensive comparison between different quantification versions of nightingale health\u2019s (1)H-NMR metabolomics platform","volume":"13","author":"Bizzarri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e75170","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.75170","article-title":"Early life infection and proinflammatory, atherogenic metabolomic and lipidomic profiles in infancy: a population-based cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Mansell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7010","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-43431-z","article-title":"Serum amino acid profiles and risk of type 2 diabetes among Japanese adults in the hitachi health study","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e026885","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.026885","article-title":"Large-scale metabolomics and the incidence of cardiovascular disease","volume":"12","author":"Lind","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2023.2176217","article-title":"Transgender health and the impact of aging and menopause","volume":"26","author":"Cheung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2003.01753.x","article-title":"Effects of sex steroids on components of the insulin resistance syndrome in transsexual subjects","volume":"58","author":"Elbers JM, Giltay EJ, Teerlink T","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-02138","article-title":"Cardiometabolic effects of testosterone in transmen and estrogen plus cyproterone acetate in transwomen","volume":"104","author":"van Velzen DM, Paldino A, Klaver M","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"51","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23811","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000023811","article-title":"The comparison of the effectiveness and safety of drospirone ethinyl estradiol and ethinyl estradiol cyproterone in the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"99","author":"Liu Z, Song Y, Xu Y, Wang J, Hu H, Weng Y","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-20-0370","article-title":"A comparison of 5-year administration of cyproterone acetate or leuprolide acetate in combination with estradiol in transwomen","volume":"183","author":"Gava G, Mancini I, Alvisi S, Seracchioli R, Meriggiola MC","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.43.737","article-title":"Effect of estrogen replacement therapy on hepatic triglyceride lipase, lipoprotein lipase and lipids including apolipoprotein E in climacteric and elderly women","volume":"43","author":"Urabe M, Yamamoto T, Kashiwagi T","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-70178-3_12","article-title":"Role of estrogens in the regulation of liver lipid metabolism","volume":"1043","author":"Palmisano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.04.010","article-title":"Lack of VMP1 impairs hepatic lipoprotein secretion and promotes non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"77","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e48834","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.48834","article-title":"A critical role of VMP1 in lipoprotein secretion","volume":"8","author":"Morishita","year":"2019","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-13-81","article-title":"The value of apolipoprotein B\/apolipoprotein A1 ratio for metabolic syndrome diagnosis in a Chinese population: a cross-sectional study","volume":"13","author":"Jing","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"issue":"9634","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61076-4","article-title":"Lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins as risk markers of myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): a case-control study","volume":"372","author":"McQueen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-021-01929-2","article-title":"Sex differences in systemic metabolites at four life stages: cohort study with repeated metabolomics","volume":"19","author":"Bell","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10111564","article-title":"Glutamine: metabolism and immune function, supplementation and clinical translation","volume":"10","author":"Cruzat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-014-1180-8","article-title":"Glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the healthy brain","volume":"121","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neural Transm (Vienna)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3619","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80923-9","article-title":"Population epidemiology and concordance for plasma amino acids and precursors in 11-12-year-old children and their parents","volume":"11","author":"Andraos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-022-00440-4","article-title":"Sex differences in the human metabolome","volume":"13","author":"Costanzo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol Sex Differ"},{"key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2018.06.065","article-title":"A validated multi-matrix platform for metabolomic fingerprinting of human urine, feces and plasma using ultra-high performance liquid-chromatography coupled to hybrid orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry","volume":"1033","author":"De Paepe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.7b00404","article-title":"Age and sex effects on plasma metabolite association networks in healthy subjects","volume":"17","author":"Vignoli","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7080","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27187-7","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism in glucose metabolism is shaped by androgen-driven gut microbiome","volume":"12","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.88.2.690","article-title":"Effect of menstrual cycle phase on carbohydrate supplementation during prolonged exercise to fatigue","volume":"88","author":"Bailey","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq011","article-title":"Effects of menstrual cycle phase on metabolomic profiles in premenopausal women","volume":"25","author":"Wallace","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw147","article-title":"Effects of hormonal contraception on systemic metabolism: cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence","volume":"45","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3936","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab427","article-title":"Toward a lowest effective dose of cyproterone acetate in trans women: results from the ENIGI study","volume":"106","author":"Kuijpers","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy108","article-title":"The occurrence of benign brain tumours in transgender individuals during cross-sex hormone treatment","volume":"141","author":"Nota","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B58","author":"European Medicines Agency","year":"2020"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2016.09.012","article-title":"Differential effects of cyproterone acetate vs spironolactone on serum high-density lipoprotein and prolactin concentrations in the hormonal treatment of transgender women","volume":"13","author":"Fung","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2022.11.010","article-title":"Lipid profiles and hypertriglyceridemia among transgender and gender diverse adults on gender-affirming hormone therapy","volume":"17","author":"Leemaqz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"key":"2024101600042995400_dgae226-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850815","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.850815","article-title":"The effects of menopause hormone therapy on lipid profile in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Nie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgae226\/57502938\/dgae226.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgae226\/59765598\/dgae226.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgae226\/59765598\/dgae226.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T20:56:29Z","timestamp":1731704189000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/109\/11\/2857\/7645060"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,13]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgae226","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,13]]}}}