{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T20:15:39Z","timestamp":1790972139928,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002918","name":"Gentofte Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002918","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001734","name":"University of Copenhagen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001734","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008208","name":"Overl\u00e6ge Johan Boserup og Lise Boserups Legat","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008208","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The enterohepatic circulation of bile acids depends on intestinal absorption by bile acid transporters and activation of bile acid receptors, which stimulates secretion of hormones regulating glucose and lipid metabolism and appetite. Distribution of bile acid transporters and receptors in the human gut and their potential involvement in type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathophysiology remain unknown.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We explored the expression of genes involved in bile acid metabolism throughout the intestines of patients with T2D and matched healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Intestinal mucosa biopsies sampled along the intestinal tract in 12 individuals with T2D and 12 healthy controls underwent messenger RNA (mRNA) sequencing. We report expression profiles of apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT), organic solute transporter (OST) \u03b1\/\u03b2, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), Takeda G receptor 5 (TGR5), fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), and FGF receptor 4 (FGFR4).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Expression of ASBT and OST\u03b1\/\u03b2 was evident in the duodenum of both groups with increasing levels through the small intestine, and no (ASBT) or decreasing levels (OST\u03b1\/\u03b2) through the large intestine. The FXR expression pattern followed that of OST\u03b1\/\u03b2 whereas FGFR4 was evenly expressed through the intestines. Negligible levels of TGR5 and FGF19 were evident. Patients with T2D exhibited lower levels of FGF19, FXR, ASBT, and OST\u03b1\/\u03b2 mRNAs compared with healthy controls, although the differences were not statistically significant after adjusting for multiple testing.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We demonstrate distinct expression patterns of bile acid transporters and receptors through the intestinal tract with signs of reduced ASBT, OST\u03b1\/\u03b2, FXR, and FGF19 mRNAs in T2D.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T21:18:10Z","timestamp":1713475090000},"page":"e660-e666","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Expression of Bile Acid Receptors and Transporters Along the Intestine of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Controls"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Henriette H","family":"Nerild","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2013Herlev and Gentofte , DK-2900 Hellerup ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6999-1872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Gilliam-Vigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2013Herlev and Gentofte , DK-2900 Hellerup ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4389-3908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne-Marie","family":"Ellegaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2013Herlev and Gentofte , DK-2900 Hellerup ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7368-0869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie L","family":"Forman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen , DK-1353 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0456-6787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tina","family":"Vilsb\u00f8ll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2013Herlev and Gentofte , DK-2900 Hellerup ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen , DK-2730 Herlev ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen , DK-2200 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4898-2256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David P","family":"Sonne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2013Herlev and Gentofte , DK-2900 Hellerup ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen , DK-2200 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2013Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg , DK-2400 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1262-3769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Br\u00f8nden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2013Herlev and Gentofte , DK-2900 Hellerup ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2013Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg , DK-2400 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2495-5034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filip K","family":"Knop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2013Herlev and Gentofte , DK-2900 Hellerup ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen , DK-2730 Herlev ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen , DK-2200 Copenhagen 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