{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:52:26Z","timestamp":1774313546225,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Endogenous sex steroids influence the pubertal growth spurt and adult height. However, the impact of puberty suppression and sex steroids on growth in transgender adolescents is sparsely studied.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We investigated pubertal growth, serum IGF-I and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and adult height of transgender adolescents receiving hormone therapy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Observational study of a national cohort (2016-2023) comprising 219 transgender adolescents &amp;lt;18 years of age. Treatment consisted of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist combined with estradiol or testosterone (adjusted to serum concentrations between 0 and +2 SDs corresponding to the gender identity).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Adult height was within \u00b12 SD for sex assigned at birth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Most trans girls reached adult height within references of girls. For trans girls (bone age \u226415 years before treatment), a growth spurt was observed during estradiol therapy. IGF-I and height SD score (SDS) declined during oral estradiol administration (\u22120.13 SDS per month, P = .059, and \u22120.02 SDS, P = .001, respectively). We observed significantly lower adult height compared to target height for trans girls (\u22122.7\u2005cm, P = .01) and significant differences between height SDS before treatment and at adult height (\u22120.35 SDS, P &amp;lt; .001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Half of the trans boys remained short (&amp;lt;\u22122 SD) compared to references for boys, and most completed growth spurt before initiation of treatment. IGFBP-3 declined following testosterone treatment. There was a significant difference between height SDS before treatment and at adult height (\u22120.17 SDS, P &amp;lt; .001).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion and Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The minor reduction in adult height of trans girls after hormone treatment may be beneficial to some, whereas trans boys did not experience height gain.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T04:44:00Z","timestamp":1713329040000},"page":"2764-2773","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Growth and Adult Height Attainment in Danish Transgender Adolescents Treated With GnRH Analog and Sex Hormones"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0044-8580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pernille Badsberg","family":"Norup","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet , 2100 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mette Ewers","family":"Haahr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Sexological Clinic, Mental Health Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Mental Health Services CPH , 2100 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Christiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet , 2100 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lise","family":"Aksglaede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet , 2100 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Line","family":"Cleemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet , 2100 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3303-5352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trine Holm","family":"Johannsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet , 2100 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0534-4350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anders","family":"Juul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet , 2100 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katharina M","family":"Main","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Rigshospitalet , 2100 Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"International Centre for 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