{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T20:34:24Z","timestamp":1789763664413,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012107","name":"The Waterloo Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["514107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["514107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012107","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000395","name":"Royal College of Physicians","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["515842"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["515842"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000395","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Wellcome Trust Investigator Award","award":["096646\/Z\/11\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["096646\/Z\/11\/Z"]}]},{"name":"Wellcome Trust Strategic Award","award":["104943\/Z\/14\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["104943\/Z\/14\/Z"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008896","name":"The Charles Wolfson Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GN2033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GN2033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008896","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000852","name":"The Henry Smith Charity","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20122759 GN 2033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20122759 GN 2033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000852","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002608","name":"The American Thyroid Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ATA-2014-033.R1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ATA-2014-033.R1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Children born to mothers with gestational hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism may have increased risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, the effects of maternal thyroid status on offspring brain development are unclear.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This work aimed to establish whether adolescent brain morphology is affected by suboptimal gestational thyroid function (SGTF).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Controlled Antenatal Thyroid Screening (CATS) study randomly assigned mothers with SGTF to levothyroxine or no supplementation from approximately 12 weeks\u2019 gestation. At age 9, children born to mothers who were overtreated with levothyroxine had a higher risk of conduct and hyperactivity traits. For the current CATS III study, children underwent neuroimaging studies, including T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A total of 85 children aged 11 to 16 years had usable T1-weighted MRI data (exposed to untreated SGTF [n = 21], normal GTF [n = 24], or treated SGTF [optimally treated (n = 21), overtreated (n = 20)]). The primary outcome was to examine the association of SGTF and its treatment with global brain volumes. Secondary and exploratory outcomes were to investigate the association of maternal thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels with global and subregional brain volumes. Results were adjusted for age, sex, and pubertal scores.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There were no significant differences in global brain volumetric measures between groups, including total gray matter volume (P = .373). Weak positive correlations were found between maternal TSH, but not FT4, levels and several brain volumes, but these did not survive testing for multiple comparisons.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We found no evidence that SGTF was associated with differences in adolescent brain morphology, and no effect of levothyroxine supplementation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T12:40:44Z","timestamp":1715690444000},"page":"e1094-e1102","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Controlled Antenatal Thyroid Screening Study III: Effects of Gestational Thyroid Status on Adolescent Brain Morphology"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Scholz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Endocrine and Diabetes Sciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff CF14 4XN ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn B","family":"McNabb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University , Cardiff CF24 4HQ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Bloomfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University , Cardiff CF24 4HQ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raghav","family":"Bhargava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University , Cardiff CF24 4HQ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Hales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Endocrine and Diabetes Sciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff CF14 4XN ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin M","family":"Dayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Endocrine and Diabetes Sciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff CF14 4XN ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter N","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Endocrine and Diabetes Sciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff CF14 4XN ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John H","family":"Lazarus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Endocrine and Diabetes Sciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff CF14 4XN ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Onyebuchi","family":"Okosieme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Endocrine and Diabetes Sciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff CF14 4XN ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7436-0821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marian","family":"Ludgate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Endocrine and Diabetes Sciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff CF14 4XN ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek K","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University , Cardiff CF24 4HQ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1165-9092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D Aled","family":"Rees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Endocrine and Diabetes Sciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff CF14 4XN ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff CF24 4HQ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2004.03.012","article-title":"Maternal thyroid hormones early in pregnancy and fetal brain development","volume":"18","author":"de Escobar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.09.070","article-title":"Influence of maternal thyroid hormones during gestation on fetal brain development","volume":"342","author":"Moog","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhq052","article-title":"Maternal thyroid hormone before the onset of fetal thyroid function regulates reelin and downstream signaling cascade affecting neocortical neuronal migration","volume":"21","author":"Pathak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2012.07.019","article-title":"Maternal thyroid hormone deficiency affects the fetal neocorticogenesis by reducing the proliferating pool, rate of neurogenesis and indirect neurogenesis","volume":"237","author":"Mohan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4037","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-0274","article-title":"A moderate and transient deficiency of maternal thyroid function at the beginning of fetal neocorticogenesis alters neuronal migration","volume":"145","author":"Aus\u00f3","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5097","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-0560","article-title":"Maternal hypothyroxinemia impairs spatial learning and synaptic nature and function in the offspring","volume":"149","author":"Opazo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(82)90530-3","article-title":"Thyroxine treatment and recovery of hypothyroidism-induced pyramidal cell damage","volume":"239","author":"Ruiz-Marcos","year":"1982","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"U25","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.151u025","article-title":"Role of thyroid hormone during early brain development","volume":"151","author":"Morreale de Escobar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2015.00009","article-title":"Gestational and early postnatal hypothyroidism alters VGIuT1 and VGAT bouton distribution in the neocortex and hippocampus, and behavior in rats","volume":"9","author":"Navarro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Neuroanat"},{"issue":"9443","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17226-7","article-title":"Association between mutations in a thyroid hormone transporter and severe X-linked psychomotor retardation","volume":"364","author":"Friesema","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pyv004","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyv004","article-title":"Aberrant monoaminergic system in thyroid hormone receptor-\u03b2 deficient mice as a model of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"18","author":"Ookubo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2005.00161.x","article-title":"Transgenic mice expressing a human mutant beta1 thyroid receptor are hyperactive, impulsive, and inattentive","volume":"5","author":"Siesser","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genes Brain Behav"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12681","article-title":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder in children born to mothers with thyroid dysfunction: a danish nationwide cohort study","volume":"121","author":"Andersen","year":"2014","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.0498","article-title":"Maternal mild thyroid hormone insufficiency in early pregnancy and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children","volume":"169","author":"Modesto","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2943","article-title":"The impact of gestational thyroid hormone concentrations on ADHD symptoms of the child","volume":"99","author":"P\u00e4kkil\u00e4","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00327-7","article-title":"Association of maternal thyroid function during early pregnancy with offspring IQ and brain morphology in childhood: a population-based prospective cohort study","volume":"4","author":"Korevaar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30153-6","article-title":"Maternal thyroid function during pregnancy and child brain morphology: a time window-specific analysis of a prospective cohort","volume":"7","author":"Jansen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1106104","article-title":"Antenatal thyroid screening and childhood cognitive function","volume":"366","author":"Lazarus","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6823-14-95","article-title":"The second wave of the controlled antenatal thyroid screening (CATS II) study: the cognitive assessment protocol","volume":"14","author":"Hales","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x","article-title":"The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: a research note","volume":"38","author":"Goodman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200012000-00015","article-title":"Does the definition of ADHD affect heritability?","volume":"39","author":"Thapar","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B22","volume-title":"Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ)","author":"Lord","year":"2003"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e417","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgz098","article-title":"Controlled antenatal thyroid screening II: effect of treating maternal suboptimal thyroid function on child behavior","volume":"105","author":"Hales","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-02378","article-title":"Controlled antenatal thyroid screening II: effect of treating maternal suboptimal thyroid function on child cognition","volume":"103","author":"Hales","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa129","article-title":"CATS II long-term anthropometric and metabolic effects of maternal sub-optimal thyroid function in offspring and mothers","volume":"105","author":"Muller","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.2001.00317.x","article-title":"Performance of a new pubertal self-assessment questionnaire: a preliminary study","volume":"15","author":"Taylor","year":"2001","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.021","article-title":"FreeSurfer","volume":"62","author":"Fischl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2250","article-title":"Identification of common variants associated with human hippocampal and intracranial volumes","volume":"44","author":"Stein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B29","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"Team RC","year":"2018"},{"key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2020.100853","article-title":"Longitudinal patterns of white matter fibre density and morphology in children are associated with age and pubertal stage","volume":"45","author":"Genc","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2016.12.003","article-title":"Puberty and structural brain development in humans","volume":"44","author":"Herting","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Scholz","DOI":"10.17605\/OSF.IO\/FQ4XK"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldac018","article-title":"Late offspring effects of antenatal thyroid screening","volume":"143","author":"Panagiotou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199908193410801","article-title":"Maternal thyroid deficiency during pregnancy and subsequent neuropsychological development of the child","volume":"341","author":"Haddow","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1136\/jms.8.1.18","article-title":"Relation of severity of maternal hypothyroidism to cognitive development of offspring","volume":"8","author":"Klein","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Med Screen"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2009.03743.x","article-title":"Abnormalities of maternal thyroid function during pregnancy affect neuropsychological development of their children at 25-30 months","volume":"72","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-4281","article-title":"Downstream effects of maternal hypothyroxinemia in early pregnancy: nonverbal IQ and brain morphology in school-age children","volume":"99","author":"Ghassabian","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e318276ccd3","article-title":"Thyroxine levels during pregnancy in healthy women and early child neurodevelopment","volume":"24","author":"Julvez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3389","article-title":"Maternal hypothyroxinemia in early pregnancy predicts reduced performance in reaction time tests in 5- to 6-year-old offspring","volume":"98","author":"Finken","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4227","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0415","article-title":"Maternal thyroid function during early pregnancy and cognitive functioning in early childhood: the generation R study","volume":"95","author":"Henrichs","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0227","article-title":"Neonatal effects of maternal hypothyroxinemia during early pregnancy","volume":"117","author":"Kooistra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2003.01822.x","article-title":"Maternal hypothyroxinaemia during early pregnancy and subsequent child development: a 3-year follow-up study","volume":"59","author":"Pop","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13550","article-title":"Maternal thyroid hormone insufficiency during pregnancy and risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"88","author":"Thompson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2967","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00224","article-title":"Thyroid function in early pregnancy, child IQ, and autistic traits: a meta-analysis of individual participant data","volume":"103","author":"Levie","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1606205","article-title":"Treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia in pregnancy","volume":"376","author":"Casey","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3821","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa555","article-title":"Maternal thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and the risk of adverse outcomes in the offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"105","author":"Ge","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2016.00016","article-title":"Preliminary findings show maternal hypothyroidism may contribute to abnormal cortical morphology in offspring","volume":"7","author":"Lischinsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2014.0548","article-title":"Children born to women treated for hypothyroidism during pregnancy show abnormal corpus Callosum development","volume":"25","author":"Samadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B49","first-page":"E1427","article-title":"Hippocampal size and memory functioning in children and adolescents with congenital hypothyroidism","volume":"96","author":"Wheeler","year":"2011"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhq137","article-title":"Puberty influences medial temporal lobe and cortical gray matter maturation differently in boys than girls matched for sexual maturity","volume":"21","author":"Bramen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30049-4","article-title":"Subcortical brain volume differences in participants with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adults: a cross-sectional mega-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Hoogman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10024","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00238-X","article-title":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"387","author":"Thapar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025031717061459300_dgae338-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa903","article-title":"Effects of thyroid Status on regional brain volumes: a diagnostic and genetic imaging study in UK biobank","volume":"106","author":"Chambers","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgae338\/57826470\/dgae338.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/110\/4\/e1094\/57826470\/dgae338.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/110\/4\/e1094\/57826470\/dgae338.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T17:07:08Z","timestamp":1742231228000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/110\/4\/e1094\/7673658"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgae338","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]}}}