{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T21:07:14Z","timestamp":1781039234008,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health\u2014\u201cRicerca corrente 2023\u201d"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The 2019 American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists guidelines suggested peak GH-cutoffs to glucagon test (GST) of \u22643 and \u22641 \u00b5g\/L in the diagnosis of permanent GH deficiency (GHD) during the transition phase.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of GST compared to insulin tolerance test (ITT) in the definition of GHD at adult height achievement.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ninety-seven subjects with childhood-onset GHD (median age, 17.39 years) underwent ITT, GST, and IGF-1 testing; 44 subjects were idiopathic (isolated GHD), 35 moderate organic GHD (0-2 hormone deficiencies) and 18 severe organic GHD (\u22653 hormone deficiencies).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Bland and Altman analysis showed a high consistency of GH peak measures after ITT and GST. Receiver operating characteristic analysis identified 7.3 \u03bcg\/L as the optimal GH peak cutoff to GST [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.15-8.91; sensitivity 95.7%, specificity 88.2%, positive predictive value (PPV) 88.0%, negative predictive value (NPV) 95.7%] able to correctly classify 91.8% of the entire cohort while 5.8 \u03bcg\/L was the best GH peak cutoff able to correctly classify 91.4% of moderate organic GHD patients (95% CI 3.16-7.39; sensitivity 96.0%, specificity 80.0%, PPV 92.3%, NPV 88.9%). Patients with \u22653 hormone deficiencies showed a GH peak &amp;lt;5 \u03bcg\/L at ITT and &amp;lt;5.8 \u03bcg\/L at GST but 1. The optimal cutoff for IGF-1 was \u22121.4 SD score (95% CI \u22121.94 to 0.77; sensitivity 75%, specificity 94%, PPV 91.7%, NPV 81.0%) that correctly classified 85.1% of the study population.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A GH peak to GST &amp;lt;5.8 \u03bcg\/L represents an accurate diagnostic cutoff for young adults with childhood-onset GHD and high pretest probability of permanent GHD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T18:55:35Z","timestamp":1719255335000},"page":"78-90","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Accuracy of Glucagon Testing Across Transition in Young Adults With Childhood-Onset GH Deficiency"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0128-6501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Fava","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa , 16132 Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini , 16147 Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Guglielmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini , 16147 Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlotta","family":"Pepino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa , 16132 Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Angelelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa , 16132 Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini , 16147 Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0754-4548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilio","family":"Casalini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa , 16132 Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini , 16147 Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Varotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa , 16132 Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Panciroli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa , 16132 Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Tedesco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini , 16147 Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiziana","family":"Camia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa , 16132 Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Naim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa , 16132 Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5927-049X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Elsa Maria","family":"Allegri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini , 16147 Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppa","family":"Patti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa , 16132 Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini , 16147 Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3567-6118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavia","family":"Napoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini , 16147 Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2157-1158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Gastaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini , 16147 Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9193-1622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Parodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini , 16147 Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1310-3300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariacarolina","family":"Salerno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University Federico II , 80138 Naples ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7183-5238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamad","family":"Maghnie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa , 16132 Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini , 16147 Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4492-4585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natascia","family":"Di Iorgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa , 16132 Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini , 16147 Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.82.2.3726","article-title":"Growth hormone (GH) retesting and auxological data in 131 GH-deficient patients after completion of treatment","volume":"82","author":"Tauber","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.4.5614","article-title":"Growth hormone (GH) deficiency (GHD) of childhood onset: reassessment of GH status and evaluation of the predictive criteria for permanent GHD in young adults","volume":"84","author":"Maghnie","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.122729","article-title":"Results of early reevaluation of growth hormone secretion in short children with apparent growth hormone deficiency","volume":"140","author":"Loche","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B4","first-page":"7","article-title":"Growth hormone (GH) secretion in patients with childhood-onset GH deficiency: retesting after one year of therapy and at final height","volume":"59","author":"Thomas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B5","first-page":"19","article-title":"Final height and growth hormone secretion after completion of growth hormone therapy in patients with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency and with abnormalities of the hypothalamic-pituitary region","volume":"26","author":"Hilczer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinol Lett"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3788","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1003","article-title":"Subnormal serum insulin-like growth factor-I levels in young adults with childhood-onset nonacquired growth hormone (GH) deficiency who recover normal gh secretion may indicate less severe but persistent pituitary failure","volume":"92","author":"Gelwane","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2009.03554.x","article-title":"Likelihood of persistent GH deficiency into late adolescence: relationship to the presence of an ectopic or normally sited posterior pituitary gland","volume":"71","author":"Murray","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-9856-2013-6","article-title":"United States multicenter study of factors predicting the persistence of GH deficiency during the transition period between childhood and adulthood","volume":"2013","author":"Quigley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2017.05.003","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory parameters predicting a requirement for the reevaluation of growth hormone status during growth hormone treatment: retesting early in the course of GH treatment","volume":"34","author":"Vuralli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Growth Horm IGF Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-21-1179","article-title":"The landscape of retesting in childhood-onset idiopathic growth hormone deficiency and its reversibility: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"187","author":"Laurer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1274","article-title":"Do all patients with childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and ectopic neurohypophysis have persistent GHD in adulthood?","volume":"90","author":"L\u00e9ger","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3875","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1081","article-title":"Deterioration of growth hormone (GH) response and anterior pituitary function in young adults with childhood-onset GH deficiency and ectopic posterior pituitary: a two-year prospective follow-up study","volume":"92","author":"Di Iorgi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4195","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0602","article-title":"Reassessment of the growth hormone status in young adults with childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency: reappraisal of insulin tolerance testing","volume":"94","author":"Secco","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s13633-016-0024-8","article-title":"An audit of the management of childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency during young adulthood in Scotland","volume":"2016","author":"Ahmid","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1159\/000487525","article-title":"Growth hormone deficiency in the transition age","volume":"33","author":"Loche","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr Dev"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.01873","article-title":"Diagnosis of GH deficiency in the transition period: accuracy of insulin tolerance test and insulin-like growth factor-I measurement","volume":"152","author":"Maghnie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7360282","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7360282","article-title":"A comparison of the blood glucose, growth hormone, and cortisol responses to two doses of insulin (0.15 U\/kg vs. 0.10 U\/kg) in the insulin tolerance test: a single-centre audit of 174 cases","volume":"2022","author":"Yeoh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-07-0631","article-title":"Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of adults with GH deficiency II: a statement of the GH Research Society in association with the European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology, Lawson Wilkins Society, European Society of Endocrinology, Japan Endocrine Society, and Endocrine Society of Australia","volume":"157","author":"Ho","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B19","first-page":"1574","article-title":"Relationship between the morphological evaluation of the pituitary and the growth hormone (GH) response to GH-releasing hormone Plus arginine in children and adults with congenital hypopituitarism","volume":"86","author":"Maghnie","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-07-0384","article-title":"Cut-off limits of the GH response to GHRH plus arginine test and IGF-I levels for the diagnosis of GH deficiency in late adolescents and young adults","volume":"157","author":"Corneli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-014-0201-7","article-title":"Growth hormone treatment of adolescents with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) during the transition period: results of a survey among adult and paediatric endocrinologists from Italy. Endorsed by SIEDP\/ISPED, AME, SIE, SIMA","volume":"38","author":"Aimaretti","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2785","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-01204","article-title":"Diagnosis of GH deficiency as a late effect of radiotherapy in survivors of childhood cancers","volume":"103","author":"Sfeir","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00525","article-title":"Accuracy and limitations of the growth hormone (GH) releasing hormone-arginine retesting in young adults with childhood-onset GH deficiency","volume":"10","author":"Patti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-022-01880-w","article-title":"Appropriate management of growth hormone deficiency during the age of transition: an Italian Delphi consensus statement","volume":"46","author":"Cannav\u00f2","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B25","first-page":"663","article-title":"The impact of irradiation on growth hormone responsiveness to provocative agents is stimulus dependent: results in 161 individuals with radiation damage to the somatotropic axis","volume":"86","author":"Lissett","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6048","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0304","article-title":"The utility of the growth hormone (GH) releasing hormone-arginine test for diagnosing GH deficiency in adults with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with cranial irradiation","volume":"90","author":"Bj\u00f6rk","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021094","article-title":"The usefulness of the combined growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone and arginine stimulation test in the diagnosis of radiation-induced GH deficiency is dependent on the post-irradiation time interval","volume":"88","author":"Darzy","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4875","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1369","article-title":"Effect of body mass index on peak growth hormone response to provocative testing in children with short stature","volume":"94","author":"Stanley","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.15.6.580","article-title":"American association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for growth hormone use in growth hormone-deficient adults and transition patients\u20142009 update: executive summary of recommendations","volume":"15","author":"Cook","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.2.398","article-title":"The influence of growth hormone deficiency, growth hormone replacement therapy, and other aspects of hypopituitarism on fracture rate and bone mineral density","volume":"16","author":"W\u00fcster","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4993","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0054","article-title":"Bone status and fracture prevalence in Russian adults with childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency","volume":"89","author":"Bouillon","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-0711","article-title":"Bone microarchitecture and volumetric bone density impairment in young male adults with childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency","volume":"180","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3921","article-title":"Effects of recombinant human growth hormone therapy on bone mineral density in adults with growth hormone deficiency: a meta-analysis","volume":"99","author":"Barake","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.4158\/GL-2019-0405","article-title":"American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology guidelines for management of growth hormone deficiency in adults and patients transitioning from pediatric to adult care","volume":"25","author":"Yuen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"235","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.44.235.291","article-title":"Variations in pattern of pubertal changes in girls","volume":"44","author":"Marshall","year":"1969","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"239","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.45.239.13","article-title":"Variations in the pattern of pubertal changes in boys","volume":"45","author":"Marshall","year":"1970","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.51.3.170","article-title":"Clinical longitudinal standards for height, weight, height velocity, weight velocity, and stages of puberty","volume":"51","author":"Tanner","year":"1976","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.73.1.25","article-title":"Body mass index reference curves for the UK, 1990","volume":"73","author":"Cole","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3059","article-title":"Reference intervals for insulin-like growth factor-1 (igf-i) from birth to senescence: results from a multicenter study using a new automated chemiluminescence IGF-I immunoassay conforming to recent international recommendations","volume":"99","author":"Bidlingmaier","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2991","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac157","article-title":"BMI and contraceptives affect new age-, sex-, and puberty-adjusted IGF-I and IGFBP-3 reference ranges across life span","volume":"107","author":"H\u00f6renz","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.5256","article-title":"Reliability, repeatability and reproducibility: analysis of measurement errors in continuous variables","volume":"31","author":"Bartlett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"8476","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8","article-title":"Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement","volume":"1","author":"Bland","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.2307\/2531595","article-title":"Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach","volume":"44","author":"DeLong","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198509844.003.0004","volume-title":"The Statistical Evaluation of Medical Tests for Classification and Prediction","author":"Pepe","year":"2003"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.01829","article-title":"Consensus statement on the management of the GH-treated adolescent in the transition to adult care","volume":"152","author":"Clayton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0179","article-title":"Evaluation and treatment of adult growth hormone deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"96","author":"Molitch","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2702","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0299","article-title":"Clinical review: is lack of recombinant growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone in the United States a setback or time to consider glucagon testing for adult GH deficiency?","volume":"94","author":"Yuen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03345251","article-title":"Glucagon stimulation test for the diagnosis of GH deficiency in adults","volume":"26","author":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2002.01472.x","article-title":"Growth hormone release after glucagon as a reliable test of growth hormone assessment in adults","volume":"56","author":"G\u00f3mez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-012-0407-7","article-title":"Clinical characteristics, timing of peak responses and safety aspects of two dosing regimens of the glucagon stimulation test in evaluating growth hormone and cortisol secretion in adults","volume":"16","author":"Yuen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2001.01169.x","article-title":"An audit of 500 subcutaneous glucagon stimulation tests to assess growth hormone and ACTH secretion in patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disease","volume":"54","author":"Leong","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4712","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2830","article-title":"Overweight\/obese adults with pituitary disorders require lower peak growth hormone cutoff values on glucagon stimulation testing to avoid overdiagnosis of growth hormone deficiency","volume":"99","author":"Dichtel","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1989.tb01276.x","article-title":"Comparison of the ACTH and cortisol responses to provocative testing with glucagon and insulin hypoglycaemia in normal subjects","volume":"31","author":"Littley","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-09-0824","article-title":"Diagnostic utility of the glucagon stimulation test in comparison to the insulin tolerance test in patients following pituitary surgery","volume":"162","author":"Berg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2015.12.005","article-title":"Effects of gender, body weight, and blood glucose dynamics on the growth hormone response to the glucagon stimulation test in patients with pituitary disease","volume":"26","author":"Wilson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Growth Horm IGF Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-015-0666-1","article-title":"Can a glucagon stimulation test characterized by lower GH cut-off value be used for the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in adults?","volume":"18","author":"Diri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-016-0712-7","article-title":"Revised GH and cortisol cut-points for the glucagon stimulation test in the evaluation of GH and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes in adults: results from a prospective randomized multicenter study","volume":"19","author":"Hamrahian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4251","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0779","article-title":"The glucagon test in the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in children with short stature younger than 6 years","volume":"94","author":"Secco","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.4158\/EP11146.OR","article-title":"Similar clinical features among patients with severe adult growth hormone deficiency diagnosed with insulin tolerance test or arginine or glucagon stimulation tests","volume":"18","author":"Toogood","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1994.tb02583.x","article-title":"The severity of growth hormone deficiency in adults with pituitary disease is related to the degree of hypopituitarism","volume":"41","author":"Toogood","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024121723531397400_dgae408-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-024-02322-5","article-title":"Once upon a time: the glucagon stimulation test in diagnosing adult GH deficiency","volume":"47","author":"Cuboni","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgae408\/58375908\/dgae408.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/110\/1\/78\/61213651\/dgae408.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/110\/1\/78\/61213651\/dgae408.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T23:54:08Z","timestamp":1734479648000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/110\/1\/78\/7697990"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgae408","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]}}}