{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T14:31:30Z","timestamp":1791901890521,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004012","name":"Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004012","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006306","name":"Sigrid Jus\u00e9lius Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006306","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Folkh\u00e4lsan Research Institute"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008723","name":"Finnish Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008723","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Finnish Menopause Society"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004212","name":"P\u00e4ivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004212","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Juhani Aho Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019841","name":"Finnish-Norwegian Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019841","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Foundation for Research in Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Finnish Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016030","name":"Kunnanl\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4ri Uulo Arhion rahasto","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"State Funding for University-Level Health Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The decrease in serum estrogens after menopause is associated with a shift from a gynoid to an android adipose tissue (AT) distribution. Menopausal hormone therapy (HT) mitigates this change and accompanying metabolic dysfunction, but its effects on AT sex steroid metabolism have not been characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We studied effects of HT on subcutaneous and visceral AT estrogen and androgen concentrations and metabolism in postmenopausal women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design, setting, patients, and interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum and subcutaneous and visceral AT from 63 postmenopausal women with (n = 50) and without (n = 13) per oral HT were analyzed for estrone, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, and serum estrone sulfate using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Steroid sulfatase activity was measured using radiolabeled precursors. mRNA expression of genes encoding sex steroid-metabolizing enzymes and receptors was performed using real-time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HT users had 4- to 7-fold higher concentrations of estrone and estradiol in subcutaneous and visceral AT, and 30% lower testosterone in visceral AT compared to nonusers. Estrogen-to-androgen ratios were 4- to 12-fold higher in AT of users compared to nonusers of HT. In visceral AT, estrogen-to-androgen ratios increased with HT estradiol dose. AT to serum ratios of estrone and estradiol remained high in HT users.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher local estrogen to androgen ratios and high AT to serum ratios of estrogen concentrations in HT users suggest that HT may significantly influence intracrine sex steroid metabolism in AT; these local changes could be involved in the preventive effect of HT on menopause-associated abdominal adiposity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T08:46:59Z","timestamp":1720514819000},"page":"511-522","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Adipose Tissue Sex Steroids in Postmenopausal Women With and Without Menopausal Hormone Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2994-916X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Hetem\u00e4ki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , FIN-00029 HUS Helsinki ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Robciuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , FIN-00029 HUS Helsinki ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veera","family":"Vihma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki , FIN-00014 Helsinki ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikko","family":"Haanp\u00e4\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital , FIN-00029 HUS Helsinki ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esa","family":"H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki , FIN-00029 HUS Helsinki ,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland , FIN-70210, Kuopio ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matti J","family":"Tikkanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Lung Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , FIN-00029 HUS Helsinki ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomi S","family":"Mikkola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , FIN-00029 HUS Helsinki ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4139-669X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanna","family":"Savolainen-Peltonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , FIN-00029 HUS Helsinki ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/45.1.277","article-title":"Adipose tissue as a source of hormones","volume":"45","author":"Siiteri","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S116","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.117432","article-title":"Estrogen production and action","volume":"45","author":"Nelson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2015.03.016","article-title":"Steroid biosynthesis in adipose tissue","volume":"103","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2017.08.016","article-title":"Intracrine androgen biosynthesis, metabolism and action revisited","volume":"465","author":"Schiffer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3715","article-title":"An innovative LC-MS\/MS-based method for determining CYP 17 and CYP 19 activity in the adipose tissue of pre- and postmenopausal and ovariectomized women using 13C-labeled steroid substrates","volume":"99","author":"Kinoshita","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4588","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-01474","article-title":"Estrogen metabolism in abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in postmenopausal women","volume":"102","author":"Hetem\u00e4ki","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e318271a640","article-title":"Association of estrogen with glucocorticoid levels in visceral fat in postmenopausal women","volume":"20","author":"Yamatani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2012-1055","article-title":"The role of estrogens in control of energy balance and glucose homeostasis","volume":"34","author":"Mauvais-Jarvis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02062","article-title":"Androgen therapy in women","volume":"154","author":"Arlt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e3181e195a6","article-title":"Wide distribution of the serum dehydroepiandrosterone and sex steroid levels in postmenopausal women: role of the ovary?","volume":"18","author":"Labrie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2021.2004395","article-title":"Body weight and fat mass across the menopausal transition: hormonal modulators","volume":"38","author":"Moccia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13921","article-title":"Thigh and abdominal adipose tissue depot associations with testosterone levels in postmenopausal females","volume":"90","author":"Ofori","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0701","article-title":"Adipokines, inflammation, and visceral adiposity across the menopausal transition: a prospective study","volume":"94","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7121","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05488","article-title":"Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome","volume":"444","author":"Despr\u00e9s","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2550","article-title":"Visceral adipose tissue indicates the severity of cardiometabolic risk in patients with and without type 2 diabetes: results from the INSPIRE ME IAA study","volume":"97","author":"Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2012.10.001","article-title":"Adipose tissue heterogeneity: implication of depot differences in adipose tissue for obesity complications","volume":"34","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Aspects Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30084-1","article-title":"Visceral and ectopic fat, atherosclerosis, and cardiometabolic disease: a position statement","volume":"7","author":"Neeland","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnad015","article-title":"Update on adipose tissue and cancer","volume":"44","author":"Brown","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-022-00685-4","article-title":"Treating menopause\u2014MHT and beyond","volume":"18","author":"Davis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(91)90037-W","article-title":"Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy prevents central distribution of body fat after menopause","volume":"40","author":"Haarbo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Metab Clin Exp"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)57910-2","article-title":"Effects of hormone replacement therapy on weight, body composition, fat distribution, and food intake in early postmenopausal women: a prospective study","volume":"64","author":"Reubinoff","year":"1995","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.04.023","article-title":"Fat mass changes during menopause: a metaanalysis","volume":"221","author":"Ambikairajah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.3.651","article-title":"Postmenopausal hormone therapy and body composition\u2013a substudy of the estrogen plus progestin trial of the Women's health initiative","volume":"82","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2005.00545.x","article-title":"Meta-analysis: effect of hormone-replacement therapy on components of the metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women","volume":"8","author":"Salpeter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e31825a3344","article-title":"Hormone therapy is associated with better body composition and adipokine\/glucose profiles: a study with monozygotic co-twin control design","volume":"19","author":"Ahtiainen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B26","first-page":"CD002229","article-title":"Hormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women","volume":"2015","author":"Boardman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2794","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-4149","article-title":"Cardiac death risk in relation to the age at initiation or the progestin component of hormone therapies","volume":"101","author":"Savolainen-Peltonen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab325","article-title":"Sex differences in the effect of testosterone on adipose tissue insulin resistance from overweight to obese adults","volume":"106","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2021.105849","article-title":"Adipose tissue estrogen production and metabolism in premenopausal women","volume":"209","author":"Hetem\u00e4ki","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"23","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14864","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232314864","article-title":"Sex steroid hormone analysis in human tear fluid using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method","volume":"23","author":"Robciuc","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2015.10.004","article-title":"Quantitative determination of estrone by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in subcutaneous adipose tissue from the breast in postmenopausal women","volume":"155","author":"Vihma","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"3-5","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2011.01.014","article-title":"Quantitative determination of dehydroepiandrosterone fatty acyl esters in human female adipose tissue and serum using mass spectrometric methods","volume":"124","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3330","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac261","article-title":"Increased adipose tissue indices of androgen catabolism and aromatization in women with metabolic dysfunction","volume":"107","author":"Ostinelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4923","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2605","article-title":"17\u03b2-Estradiol and estradiol fatty acyl esters and estrogen-converting enzyme expression in adipose tissue in obese men and women","volume":"98","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hetem\u00e4ki N*, Robciuc A*, Vihma V, et al \u00a0Data from: Primer sequences in quantitative PCR assay\/Adipose tissue sex steroids in postmenopausal women with and without menopausal hormone therapy. Figshare. 2024. 10.6084\/m9.figshare.25938346.v1. Date of deposit 4 June 2024.","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae458"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0831","article-title":"Steroid sulfatase activity in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: a comparison between pre- and postmenopausal women","volume":"174","author":"Paatela","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2661","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2550","article-title":"Breast adipose tissue estrogen metabolism in postmenopausal women with or without breast cancer","volume":"99","author":"Savolainen-Peltonen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2017.06.007","article-title":"Metabolism of sex steroids is influenced by acquired adiposity-A study of young adult male monozygotic twin pairs","volume":"172","author":"Vihma","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B39","first-page":"224","article-title":"Effects of hormonal treatment on plasma unbound androgen levels in hirsute women","volume":"199","author":"Anderson","year":"1975","journal-title":"Acta Endocronol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910290105","article-title":"Serum concentrations of total and non-protein-bound oestradiol in patients with breast cancer and in normal controls","volume":"29","author":"Moore","year":"1982","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8545(02)00009-8","article-title":"Metabolism of endogenous and exogenous reproductive hormones","volume":"29","author":"Grow","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"9S","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B42","first-page":"18S","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic and pharmacologic variation between different estrogen products","volume":"35","author":"O\u2019Connell","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2011.2839","article-title":"Are all estrogens created equal? A review of oral vs. transdermal therapy","volume":"21","author":"Goodman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2015-1036","article-title":"The regulation of steroid action by sulfation and desulfation","volume":"36","author":"Mueller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B45","first-page":"1052","article-title":"Comparison of estrogen and androgen levels after oral estrogen replacement therapy","volume":"46","author":"Slater","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"issue":"11\/12","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-38265","article-title":"Adipose tissue intracrinology: potential importance of local androgen\/estrogen metabolism in the regulation of adiposity","volume":"34","author":"B\u00e9langer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2014.06.001","article-title":"All sex steroids are made intracellularly in peripheral tissues by the mechanisms of intracrinology after menopause","volume":"145","author":"Labrie","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.10.013","article-title":"Tissue physiology and pathology of aromatase","volume":"77","author":"Stocco","year":"2012","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-59-1-29","article-title":"In situ estrogen production via the estrone sulfatase pathway in breast tumors: relative importance versus the aromatase pathway","volume":"59","author":"Santner","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4589","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.142.11.8547","article-title":"Minireview: aromatase and the regulation of estrogen biosynthesis\u2013some new perspectives","volume":"142","author":"Simpson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.534172","article-title":"De novo synthesis of steroids and oxysterols in adipocytes","volume":"289","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-36-2-207","article-title":"Source of estrogen production in postmenopausal women","volume":"36","author":"Grodin","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-60-1-174","article-title":"Effects of aging and obesity on aromatase activity of human adipose cells","volume":"60","author":"Cleland","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B54","first-page":"428","article-title":"Competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis indicates that levels of aromatase cytochrome P450 transcripts in adipose tissue of buttocks, thighs, and abdomen of women increase with advancing age","volume":"78","author":"Bulun","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1097\/00042192-200512020-00016","article-title":"Adipose aromatase gene expression is greater in older women and is unaffected by postmenopausal estrogen therapy","volume":"12","author":"Misso","year":"2005","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-53-1-192","article-title":"Aromatization of androstenedione to estrone by human adipose tissue in vitro. Correlation with adipose tissue mass, age, and endometrial neoplasia","volume":"53","author":"Forney","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2014.04.008","article-title":"Understanding androgen action in adipose tissue","volume":"143","author":"O\u2019Reilly","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3847","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0212","article-title":"Androgen levels in adult females: changes with age, menopause, and oophorectomy","volume":"90","author":"Davison","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00284-3","article-title":"Testosterone in women\u2013the clinical significance","volume":"3","author":"Davis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)02986-2","article-title":"Estrogen replacement therapy: effects on the endogenous androgen milieu","volume":"77 Suppl 4","author":"Simon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-62-2-413","article-title":"Steroid inhibitory effects upon human adrenal 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity","volume":"62","author":"Byrne","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"14","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7989","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23147989","article-title":"Progesterone: a steroid with wide range of effects in physiology as well as human medicine","volume":"23","author":"Kolatorova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2012-1008","article-title":"Progestogens used in postmenopausal hormone therapy: differences in their pharmacological properties, intracellular actions, and clinical effects","volume":"34","author":"Stanczyk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E448","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00293.2017","article-title":"Increased body fat mass explains the positive association between circulating estradiol and insulin resistance in postmenopausal women","volume":"314","author":"Marchand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e58448","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058448","article-title":"The relationship between endogenous androgens and body fat distribution in early and late postmenopausal women","volume":"8","author":"Cao","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025012110285266700_dgae458-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a008678","article-title":"Prior to use of estrogen replacement therapy, are users healthier than nonusers?","volume":"143","author":"Matthews","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgae458\/58620288\/dgae458.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/110\/2\/511\/58620288\/dgae458.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/110\/2\/511\/58620288\/dgae458.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T05:30:23Z","timestamp":1737437423000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/110\/2\/511\/7710672"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgae458","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]}}}