{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T17:14:39Z","timestamp":1791134079940,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK110770"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK110770"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK064720"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK064720"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NS070600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NS070600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK133392"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK133392"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 RR 024156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 RR 024156"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR000040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR000040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR001873"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001873"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013733","name":"IPSEN Biopharmaceuticals Inc.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013733","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006474","name":"Columbia University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006474","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016220","name":"CTSA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016220","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"NCRR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Long-term growth hormone\/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH\/IGF-1) excess could increase the risk of cancer in acromegaly, but individual levels of these hormones do not relate to this risk.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We newly investigated longitudinally-measured IGF-1 levels as a potential predictor of cancer in a large New York City acromegaly cohort.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a prospective, longitudinal study of 598 acromegaly (309 men, 289 women) and 292 clinically nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma (CNFPA) (140 women, 152 men) patients from the same underlying population. GH and IGF-1 levels were measured longitudinally and outcomes were observed during long-term follow-up. Cumulative exposure to IGF-1 excess was tested as a predictor of cancer. We compared cancer prevalence in acromegaly and CNFPA cohorts and incidence in each to that expected from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cancer prevalence by last follow-up was 22.6% in acromegaly and 12.7% in CNFPAs (odds ratio [OR] = 1.99 [95% CI, 1.34-2.97]) (P = .0005). Overall standardized incidence ratio for cancer was 1.78 (1.51-1.81) in the acromegaly and 1.26 (0.89-1.70) in the CNFPA cohorts. Cumulative exposure to IGF-1 excess, OR = 1.278 (1.060-1.541) (P = .01), years from acromegaly diagnosis to cancer or last follow-up, OR = 1.03 (1.004-1.057) (P = .024), and age at follow up, OR = 1.064 (1.047-1.082) (P &amp;lt; .001), were predictors of cancer.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cancer risk is increased in acromegaly, but not in CNFPA patients. Cumulative exposure to IGF-1 excess is a predictor of cancer in acromegaly. Our data suggest that cancer risk in acromegaly relates to the degree and duration of IGF-1 excess and that full appreciation of this risk requires long-term follow up.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T21:27:13Z","timestamp":1720560433000},"page":"1247-1257","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Prospective, Longitudinal Study of Cancer Predictors and Rates in a New York City Cohort of 598 Patients With Acromegaly"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1818-0762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamela U","family":"Freda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University , New York, NY 10032 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6844-0286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey N","family":"Bruce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University , New York, NY 10032 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhezhen","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University , New York, NY 10032 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Kostadinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University , New York, NY 10032 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Mt. 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