{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:00:34Z","timestamp":1791414034255,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100024247","name":"DHHS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100024247","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000056","name":"National Institute of Nursing Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000056","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000124","name":"NIH Office of Research on Women\u2019s Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01NR004061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01NR004061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000124","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000124","name":"NIH Office of Research on Women\u2019s Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AG012505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG012505"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000124","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000124","name":"NIH Office of Research on Women\u2019s Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AG012535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG012535"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000124","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000124","name":"NIH Office of Research on Women\u2019s Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AG012531"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG012531"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000124","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000124","name":"NIH Office of Research on Women\u2019s Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AG012539"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG012539"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000124","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000124","name":"NIH Office of Research on Women\u2019s Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AG012546"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG012546"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000124","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000124","name":"NIH Office of Research on Women\u2019s Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AG012553"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG012553"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000124","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000124","name":"NIH Office of Research on Women\u2019s Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AG012554"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG012554"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000124","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000124","name":"NIH Office of Research on Women\u2019s Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AG012495"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG012495"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000124","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000124","name":"NIH Office of Research on Women\u2019s Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19AG063720"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19AG063720"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000124","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000124","name":"NIH Office of Research on Women\u2019s Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AG017719"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AG017719"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000124","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fibroids are noncancerous uterine tumors potentially associated with cardiovascular risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We aimed to examine prospectively associations of glucose, insulin, sex hormone\u2013binding globulin (SHBG), and diabetes with incidence of fibroid diagnoses in midlife.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Participants in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) cohort (n = 2570) reported fibroid diagnoses at enrollment (1996-1997) and 13 follow-up visits (1996-2013). At all visits, we measured glucose, insulin, and SHBG in fasting blood samples and calculated homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Diabetes was defined using glucose levels, self-reported diabetes, or diabetes medication use. We used discrete-time survival models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CI for associations of time-varying biomarkers and diabetes with incident fibroid diagnoses, adjusted for demographics and health care utilization. We also evaluated effect modification by menopausal status.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>At baseline, 2.7% of participants (n = 70) were using diabetes medication. Time-varying glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and SHBG were not associated with fibroid diagnosis. However, diabetes was associated with a 28% lower incidence of fibroid diagnosis (adjusted HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.44, 1.17), driven by participants using metformin (adjusted HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.21, 1.12), though precision was limited. After stratification by menopausal status, higher HOMA-IR and insulin were associated with greater incidence of fibroid diagnosis during premenopause but not perimenopause, while the inverse association between diabetes and fibroids was strongest during perimenopause.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The effect of diabetes and biomarkers on fibroids may vary by menopausal status. Fibroid risk may increase with insulin resistance and decrease with diabetes treatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T06:36:18Z","timestamp":1726036578000},"page":"e1934-e1942","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Diabetes and Uterine Fibroid Diagnosis in Midlife: Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN)"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3202-1941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanna D","family":"Mitro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California , Pleasanton, CA 94588 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L Elaine","family":"Waetjen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Davis School of Medicine , Sacramento, CA 95817 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0008-9052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California , Pleasanton, CA 94588 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren A","family":"Wise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health , Boston, MA 02118 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eve","family":"Zaritsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaiser Permanente Northern California , Oakland, CA 94611 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siob\u00e1n D","family":"Harlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samar R","family":"El Khoudary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health , Pittsburgh, PA 15261 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9096-7490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nanette","family":"Santoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, CO 80045 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel H","family":"Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, MA 02115 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca C","family":"Thurston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health , Pittsburgh, PA 15261 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA 15213 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique M","family":"Hedderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California , Pleasanton, CA 94588 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Upstream Prevention of Adiposity and Diabetes Mellitus (UPSTREAM), Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California , Pleasanton, CA 94588 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine , Pasadena, CA 91101 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.99","article-title":"High cumulative incidence of uterine leiomyoma in black and white women: ultrasound evidence","volume":"188","author":"Baird","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2018.7076","article-title":"Burden, prevalence, and treatment of uterine fibroids: a survey of U.S. women","volume":"27","author":"Marsh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Women's Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-21-0087","article-title":"Vascular biology of uterine fibroids: connecting fibroids and vascular disorders","volume":"162","author":"Kirschen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31819d8d3f","article-title":"Uterine leiomyomata in relation to insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin, and diabetes","volume":"20","author":"Baird","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"46","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5325","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000005325","article-title":"Association between uterine leiomyoma and metabolic syndrome in parous premenopausal women","volume":"95","author":"Tak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew249","article-title":"Uterine fibroids and cardiovascular risk","volume":"31","author":"Uimari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e57089","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057089","article-title":"The association between subclinical atherosclerosis and uterine fibroids","volume":"8","author":"He","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B8","first-page":"37","article-title":"Association of hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia with the risk of uterine leiomyomata: a case\u2013control study","volume":"2","author":"Kong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Res"},{"key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B9","first-page":"14","article-title":"Relationship between metabolic syndrome and uterine leiomyomas: a case\u2013control study","volume":"66","author":"Takeda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comparative Study"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-017-0386-y","article-title":"Evaluating the role of race and medication in protection of uterine fibroids by type 2 diabetes exposure","volume":"17","author":"Velez Edwards","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Women's Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B11","first-page":"e30740","article-title":"Cardiometabolic risk and cardiovascular disease in young women with uterine fibroids","volume":"14","author":"Brewster","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2018.05.003","article-title":"Evaluating risk factors for differences in fibroid size and number using a large electronic health record population","volume":"114","author":"Bray","year":"2018","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.13253","article-title":"The risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease in women with uterine fibroids","volume":"20","author":"Haan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/153.1.11","article-title":"Risk factors for uterine leiomyoma: a practice-based case\u2013control study. II. Atherogenic risk factors and potential sources of uterine infection","volume":"153","author":"Faerstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.074","article-title":"Risk factors for surgically-removed fibroids in a large cohort of teachers","volume":"92","author":"Templeman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.11.012","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome and risk of uterine leiomyomata","volume":"87","author":"Wise","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12086","article-title":"Sex hormone binding globulin and insulin resistance","volume":"78","author":"Wallace","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B18","first-page":"100","article-title":"Uterine fibroids: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"95","author":"De La Cruz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2011.05.001","article-title":"The SWAN song: Study of Women's Health Across the Nation's recurring themes","volume":"38","author":"Santoro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am"},{"key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012453790-3\/50012-3","volume-title":"Menopause: Biology and Pathobiology","author":"Sowers","year":"2000"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2011.3008","article-title":"Self-report versus ultrasound measurement of uterine fibroid status","volume":"21","author":"Myers","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Womens Health"},{"key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B22","unstructured":"Supplemental Material: Diabetes and uterine fibroid diagnosis in midlife: Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Figshare digital repository 2024. Deposited 16 August 2024. doi: 10.6084\/m9.figshare.26764960."},{"issue":"7","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883","article-title":"Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and \u03b2-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man","volume":"28","author":"Matthews","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2006.15.1184","article-title":"Comparison of SWAN and WISE menopausal status classification algorithms","volume":"15","author":"Johnston","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Women's Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-010-1609-1","article-title":"Healthy user and related biases in observational studies of preventive interventions: a primer for physicians","volume":"26","author":"Shrank","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.2307\/270718","article-title":"Discrete-time methods for the analysis of event histories","volume":"13","author":"Allison","year":"1982","journal-title":"Sociol Methodol"},{"key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2042018819895159","article-title":"Metformin use is associated with a lower risk of uterine leiomyoma in female type 2 diabetes patients","volume":"10","author":"Tseng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000164","article-title":"Epidemiology of uterine fibroids\u2014from menarche to menopause","volume":"59","author":"Wise","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"21","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.21.2348","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and trends in disparities in 4 major risk factors for cardiovascular disease among US adults, 1971-2002","volume":"166","author":"Kanjilal","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14640","article-title":"Epidemiology of uterine fibroids: a systematic review","volume":"124","author":"Stewart","year":"2017","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.2337\/cd15-0048","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in prevalence and care of patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"35","author":"Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Diabetes"},{"key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2015.11.023","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and risk of uterine myoma: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"197","author":"Chiaffarino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47791","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047791","article-title":"Active smoking and risk of metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"7","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00076-6","article-title":"Menopause: a cardiometabolic transition","volume":"10","author":"Nappi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2019-213364","article-title":"Association between obesity and the risk of uterine fibroids: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"75","author":"Qin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"issue":"13","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.161.13.1581","article-title":"Impact of overweight on the risk of developing common chronic diseases during a 10-year period","volume":"161","author":"Field","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3526","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-0446","article-title":"Age at menarche and type 2 diabetes risk: the EPIC-InterAct study","volume":"36","author":"Elks","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2406","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew192","article-title":"P-values and reproductive health: what can clinical researchers learn from the American Statistical Association?","volume":"31","author":"Farland","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.2016.1154108","article-title":"ASA statement on statistical significance and P-values","volume":"70","author":"Wasserstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"The American Statistician"},{"key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B40","author":"International Committee of Medical Journal Editors"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199958001-00009","article-title":"The antihyperglycaemic effect of metformin: therapeutic and cellular mechanisms","volume":"58","author":"Wiernsperger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2017.07.029","article-title":"Metformin: insights into its anticancer potential with special reference to AMPK dependent and independent pathways","volume":"185","author":"Ikhlas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"16","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2496","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.492843","article-title":"Abnormal uterine Doppler is related to vasculopathy in pregestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"112","author":"Pietryga","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(82)90582-8","article-title":"Uteroplacental blood flow in diabetic pregnancy: measurements with indium 113\u2005m and a computer-linked gamma camera","volume":"144","author":"Nylund","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-022-00708-0","article-title":"The interplay between diabetes mellitus and menopause: clinical implications","volume":"18","author":"Lambrinoudaki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000002085","article-title":"The association between diabetes type, age of onset, and age at natural meopause: a retospective cohort study using the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging","volume":"30","author":"Mehra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B47","volume-title":"Modern Epidemiology","author":"Rothman","year":"2012","edition":"3rd ed"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025052713030862700_dgae625-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3848","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-01354","article-title":"Development and risk factors of type 2 diabetes in a nationwide population of women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"102","author":"Rubin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgae625\/59357320\/dgae625.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/110\/6\/e1934\/59357320\/dgae625.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/110\/6\/e1934\/59357320\/dgae625.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T17:04:29Z","timestamp":1748365469000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/110\/6\/e1934\/7754865"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgae625","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]]}}}