{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T01:17:04Z","timestamp":1792459024213,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Functional imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) scans is an essential part of the diagnostic workup for pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL). The purpose of this review is to (1) provide a brief overview of functional imaging for PPGL, (2) summarize selected present and older guideline and review recommendations, and (3) conduct a literature review on the diagnostic performance of the most used PET tracers for PPGL.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Evidence Acquisition<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed from January 2004 to August 2024 with the search string (\u201cPheochromocytoma\u201d OR \u201cParaganglioma\u201d) AND (\u201cPositron Emission Tomography\u201d OR \u201cRadionuclide Imaging\u201d OR (\u201cPET\u201d AND (\u201cFDG\u201d OR \u201cDOTATOC\u201d OR \u201cDOTANOC\u201d OR \u201cDOTATATE\u201d OR \u201cDOPA\u201d OR \u201cFDOPA\u201d))). Studies involving PET scans of at least 20 individuals with PPGL or at least 5 individuals in a rare, well-defined subgroup of PPGL (eg, sympathetic or head-neck paragangliomas and specific pathogenic variants) were included.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Evidence Synthesis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Seventy studies were identified of which 21 were head-to-head comparisons of at least 2 different PET tracers [18F-fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine, fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine positron emission tomography (18F-FDOPA), 68Ga-DOTA-conjugated somatostatin analogues, 68Ga-DOTA-conjugated somatostatin analogue positron emission tomography (68Ga-SSA), and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose]. 18F-FDOPA had higher sensitivity for pheochromocytoma compared to 68Ga-SSA and equal sensitivity for metastatic pheochromocytoma. 18F-FDOPA and 68Ga-SSA had similar sensitivity for primary non-succinate dehydrogenase subunits (SDHx) sympathetic and head-neck paraganglioma. However, 68Ga-SSA had higher sensitivity for metastatic sympathetic and head-neck paraganglioma and for SDHx-related paraganglioma.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>18F-FDOPA and 68Ga-SSA PET are both sensitive for localizing PPGL. However, 18F-FDOPA is the most sensitive for detecting pheochromocytoma, while 68Ga-SSA is superior to 18F-FDOPA for metastatic sympathetic and head-neck paraganglioma and SDHx-related paraganglioma.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T06:13:48Z","timestamp":1730182428000},"page":"303-316","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma\u201418F-FDOPA vs Somatostatin Analogues"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7104-7824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Ebbehoj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus N DK-8200 ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Iversen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus N DK-8200 ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stine","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus N DK-8200 ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirstine","family":"Stochholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus N DK-8200 ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per L\u00f8gstrup","family":"Poulsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus N DK-8200 ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus N DK-8200 ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Hjorthaug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus N DK-8200 ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8041-6994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esben","family":"S\u00f8ndergaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus N DK-8200 ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus N DK-8200 ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2025012110270632500_dgae764-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1498","article-title":"Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"99","author":"Lenders","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025012110270632500_dgae764-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-022-09704-6","article-title":"Overview of the 2022 WHO classification of paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas","volume":"33","author":"Mete","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025012110270632500_dgae764-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2251","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa965","article-title":"Incidence and clinical presentation of pheochromocytoma and 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