{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T01:52:35Z","timestamp":1791337955778,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"KlinBeforsk"},{"name":"The Regional Health Authorities of Norway"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Despite best practice replacement therapy with corticosteroids, patients with adrenal insufficiency report diminished quality of life and face increased mortality and morbidity. Conventional formulations of hydrocortisone have short half-lives (about 90\u2005minutes) requiring multiple dosing during the day. Since 2011, extended-release hydrocortisone (ER-HC) formulations have been available enabling once-, sometimes twice-daily dosing. Most studies comparing ER-HC formulations with conventional hydrocortisone therapy report reduction in body weight, blood pressure and glucose levels, and improved quality of life. However, it is still unclear if the reported beneficiary effects are due to differences in cortisol exposure or alterations in pharmacokinetics. Here, we review studies comparing conventional and ER-HC treatment in adrenal insufficiency and discuss whether these novel formulations are safe and offer clinically significant benefits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T16:21:33Z","timestamp":1733847693000},"page":"e566-e573","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Extended-release Hydrocortisone Formulations\u2014Is There a Clinically Meaningful Benefit?"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Sandra D","family":"Steintorsdottir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen , Bergen N-5020 ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen N-5021 ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo N-0424 ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"\u00d8ksnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen , Bergen N-5020 ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen N-5021 ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders P","family":"J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo N-0424 ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Faculty of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo N-0318 ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7886-2976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eystein S","family":"Husebye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen , Bergen N-5020 ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen N-5021 ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5362","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5362.887","article-title":"EIGHTY-SIX CASES OF ADDISON's DISEASE","volume":"2","author":"Dunlop","year":"1963","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2914","article-title":"The crucial role of pulsatile activity of the HPA axis for continuous dynamic equilibration","volume":"11","author":"Lightman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4849","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0076","article-title":"Premature mortality in patients with Addison's disease: a population-based study","volume":"91","author":"Bergthorsdottir","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-02298","article-title":"Sex-Specific risk of cardiovascular disease in autoimmune Addison disease-A population-based cohort study","volume":"104","author":"Skov","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B5","first-page":"536","article-title":"Circadian cortisol rhythms in healthy boys and girls: relationship with age, growth, body composition, and pubertal development","volume":"82","author":"Knutsson","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890.2018.1470238","article-title":"Role of glucocorticoid negative feedback in the regulation of HPA axis pulsatility","volume":"21","author":"Gjerstad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stress"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-72-1-39","article-title":"Daily cortisol production rate in man determined by stable isotope dilution\/mass spectrometry","volume":"72","author":"Esteban","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2012.04352.x","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, crossover study comparing two- and four-dose hydrocortisone regimen with regard to quality of life, cortisol and ACTH profiles in patients with primary adrenal insufficiency","volume":"77","author":"Ekman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-1710","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of primary adrenal insufficiency: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"101","author":"Bornstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B10","first-page":"3082","article-title":"Metabolic effects of short-term elevations of plasma cortisol are more pronounced in the evening than in the morning","volume":"84","author":"Plat","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2002.01466.x","article-title":"Subjective health status in Norwegian patients with Addison's disease","volume":"56","author":"L\u00f8v\u00e5s","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3912","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0685","article-title":"Impaired subjective health status in 256 patients with adrenal insufficiency on standard therapy based on cross-sectional analysis","volume":"92","author":"Hahner","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12603","article-title":"Adrenal insufficiency: review of clinical outcomes with current glucocorticoid replacement therapy","volume":"82","author":"Johannsson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2011.02352.x","article-title":"Risk of hip fracture in Addison's disease: a population-based cohort study","volume":"270","author":"Bjornsdottir","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3561","article-title":"Drug prescription patterns in patients with Addison's disease: a Swedish population-based cohort study","volume":"98","author":"Bjornsdottir","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-08-0880","article-title":"Glucocorticoid replacement therapy and pharmacogenetics in Addison's disease: effects on bone","volume":"160","author":"Lovas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2759","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab096","article-title":"Increased mortality risk in patients with primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency","volume":"106","author":"Ngaosuwan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2008.03340.x","article-title":"Increased death risk and altered cancer incidence pattern in patients with isolated or combined autoimmune primary adrenocortical insufficiency","volume":"69","author":"Bensing","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1926","article-title":"Improved cortisol exposure-time profile and outcome in patients with adrenal insufficiency: a prospective randomized trial of a novel hydrocortisone dual-release formulation","volume":"97","author":"Johannsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-09-0170","article-title":"Improving glucocorticoid replacement therapy using a novel modified-release hydrocortisone tablet: a pharmacokinetic study","volume":"161","author":"Johannsson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3178","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad370","article-title":"Tissue glucocorticoid metabolism in adrenal insufficiency: a prospective study of dual-release hydrocortisone therapy","volume":"108","author":"Dineen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2015-309538","article-title":"Is physiological glucocorticoid replacement important in children?","volume":"102","author":"Porter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1711","article-title":"Development of a disease-specific quality of life questionnaire in Addison's disease","volume":"95","author":"L\u00f8v\u00e5s","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-3809","article-title":"A phase 2 study of chronocort, a modified-release formulation of hydrocortisone, in the treatment of adults with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"100","author":"Mallappa","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-2380","article-title":"Modified-release hydrocortisone to provide circadian cortisol profiles","volume":"94","author":"Debono","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-022-01183-w","article-title":"Chronotherapy based on modified-release hydrocortisone to restore the physiological cortisol diurnal rhythm","volume":"13","author":"Whitaker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Deliv Transl Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14976","article-title":"Developing oral chronotherapy for cortisol replacement in congenital adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"101","author":"Whitaker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-17-0067","article-title":"Long-term safety of once-daily, dual-release hydrocortisone in patients with adrenal insufficiency: a phase 3b, open-label, extension study","volume":"176","author":"Nilsson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13554","article-title":"Improved insulin sensitivity and secretion in prediabetic patients with adrenal insufficiency on dual-release hydrocortisone treatment: a 36-month retrospective analysis","volume":"88","author":"Guarnotta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30398-4","article-title":"Effect of once-daily, modified-release hydrocortisone versus standard glucocorticoid therapy on metabolism and innate immunity in patients with adrenal insufficiency (DREAM): a single-blind, randomised controlled trial","volume":"6","author":"Isidori","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-1114","article-title":"Modified-release hydrocortisone decreases BMI and HbA1c in patients with primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency","volume":"172","author":"Quinkler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-015-0681-z","article-title":"Improvement of anthropometric and metabolic parameters, and quality of life following treatment with dual-release hydrocortisone in patients with Addison's disease","volume":"51","author":"Giordano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-17-0368","article-title":"Dual-release hydrocortisone treatment: glycometabolic profile and health-related quality of life","volume":"7","author":"Mongio\u00ec","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-19-0176","article-title":"Dual-release hydrocortisone vs conventional glucocorticoids in adrenal insufficiency","volume":"8","author":"Guarnotta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2042018819871169","DOI":"10.1177\/2042018819871169","article-title":"Dual-release hydrocortisone improves hepatic steatosis in patients with secondary adrenal insufficiency: a real-life study","volume":"10","author":"Guarnotta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-18-0257","article-title":"Improved salivary cortisol rhythm with dual-release hydrocortisone","volume":"7","author":"Ceccato","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-024-03711-9","article-title":"Dual-release hydrocortisone improves body composition and the glucometabolic profile in patients with secondary adrenal insufficiency","volume":"84","author":"J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bvad151","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvad151","article-title":"Effects of dual-release hydrocortisone on bone metabolism in primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency: a 6-year study","volume":"8","author":"Hasenmajer","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-20-0642","article-title":"Cardiometabolic and psychological effects of dual-release hydrocortisone: a cross-over study","volume":"184","author":"Dineen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-020-02552-6","article-title":"Dual-release hydrocortisone and its benefits on cognitive function and quality of sleep","volume":"72","author":"Krekeler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa862","article-title":"Improved urinary cortisol metabolome in addison disease: a prospective trial of dual-release hydrocortisone","volume":"106","author":"Espiard","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvae107","article-title":"Conventional steroids vs. Dual-release hydrocortisone on metabolic, cardiovascular, and bone outcomes in adrenal insufficiency: a 10-year study","volume":"191","author":"Guarnotta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B43","article-title":"Exploring sexual function in adrenal insufficiency: findings from the dual RElease hydrocortisone vs conventionAl glucocorticoid replaceMent therapy in hypocortisolism (DREAM) trial","author":"Hasenmajer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-017-1512-1","article-title":"Bone safety of dual-release hydrocortisone in patients with hypopituitarism","volume":"60","author":"Frara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13280","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-13506-5","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of conventional and novel steroid replacement therapy on bone health in primary adrenal insufficiency","volume":"12","author":"Guarnotta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641247","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.641247","article-title":"Early metabolic benefits of switching hydrocortisone to modified release hydrocortisone in adult adrenal insufficiency","volume":"12","author":"Bannon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093838","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1093838","article-title":"Effects of the therapy shift from cortisone acetate to modified-release hydrocortisone in a group of patients with adrenal insufficiency","volume":"14","author":"Frigerio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-0341-0","article-title":"Pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and options for treatment","volume":"16","author":"Chotiyarnwong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R231","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-17-0154","article-title":"MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: risk of overtreatment in patients with adrenal insufficiency: current and emerging aspects","volume":"177","author":"Mazziotti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2998","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00346","article-title":"Circadian rhythm of glucocorticoid administration entrains clock genes in immune cells: a DREAM trial ancillary study","volume":"103","author":"Venneri","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04103.x","article-title":"What is the best long-term management strategy for patients with primary adrenal insufficiency?","volume":"76","author":"Quinkler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2009.03636.x","article-title":"A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of delayed- and extended-release hydrocortisone (chronocort) vs. Conventional hydrocortisone (cortef) in the treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"72","author":"Verma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvac006","article-title":"Modified-release hydrocortisone is associated with lower plasma renin activity in patients with salt-wasting congenital adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"188","author":"Tschaidse","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B54","first-page":"1797","article-title":"Modified-Release and conventional glucocorticoids and diurnal androgen excretion in congenital adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"102","author":"Jones","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2063","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab051","article-title":"Modified-Release hydrocortisone in congenital adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"106","author":"Merke","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pgen.1009737","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1009737","article-title":"Corticosterone pattern-dependent glucocorticoid receptor binding and transcriptional regulation within the liver","volume":"17","author":"Flynn","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLos Genetics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-4253","article-title":"Continuous subcutaneous hydrocortisone infusion versus oral hydrocortisone replacement for treatment of addison's disease: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"99","author":"Oksnes","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13721","article-title":"Ultradian hydrocortisone replacement alters neuronal processing, emotional ambiguity, affect and fatigue in adrenal insufficiency: the PULSES trial","volume":"295","author":"Russell","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"701","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadg8464","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adg8464","article-title":"High-resolution daily profiles of tissue adrenal steroids by portable automated collection","volume":"15","author":"Upton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12670","article-title":"Circadian hormone profiles and insulin sensitivity in patients with Addison's disease: a comparison of continuous subcutaneous hydrocortisone infusion with conventional glucocorticoid replacement therapy","volume":"83","author":"Bj\u00f6rnsdottir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4149","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2433","article-title":"Continuous subcutaneous hydrocortisone infusion therapy in Addison's disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"99","author":"Gagliardi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025021815511695700_dgae822-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-07-0052","article-title":"Continuous subcutaneous hydrocortisone infusion in Addison's disease","volume":"157","author":"L\u00f8v\u00e5s","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgae822\/61217075\/dgae822.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/110\/3\/e566\/61217075\/dgae822.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/110\/3\/e566\/61217075\/dgae822.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T16:14:33Z","timestamp":1739895273000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/110\/3\/e566\/7915727"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgae822","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]}}}