{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:42:48Z","timestamp":1785285768012,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Organized sports are governed by specific rules that aim to create or preserve fair play. An unfair advantage can be obtained by the use of specific substances or methods, also referred to as doping. The World Anti-Doping Agency leads the international doping-free sport movement and annually publishes the List of Prohibited Substances and Methods (List), which is used by most sport federations and organizations around the world. However, some athletes have legitimate medical conditions that require treatments that are included on the List. These athletes may apply for a Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE), which, if approved, would allow them to take the required prohibited treatments. A challenging scenario concerns adolescents with short stature receiving treatment with human GH (hGH) who are not GH-deficient. Such treatment for short stature conditions is an approved indication for GH therapy in only a few countries, including the United States. Development of TUE Physician Guidelines for hGH for adolescent athletes with short stature required determining whether and to what extent such treatment constituted medical therapy or \u201cenhancement.\u201d The group of experts contributing to the TUE Physician Guidelines concluded that hGH treatment for athletes with non-GH-deficient short stature could be considered therapeutic\u2014and could be granted a TUE if they are below 2.25 SD on the growth curve\u2014until the athlete reached a height at the 5th percentile of adult normal range on the appropriate growth chart pertaining to a specific country or region or another relevant chart. Beyond that point, a TUE for hGH treatment is not medically necessary and a TUE should no longer be considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T10:57:27Z","timestamp":1736161047000},"page":"e2088-e2091","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Human GH Use By Athletes With Short Stature Without GH Deficiency: Therapeutic Use Exemptions"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5502-4016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David B","family":"Allen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison, WI 53792, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7127-192X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan","family":"Vernec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Medicine, World Anti-Doping Agency , Montreal, QC , H4Z 1B7","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1944-3607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Medicine, World Anti-Doping Agency , Montreal, QC , H4Z 1B7","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"World Athletics, the Principality of Monaco , MC 98007, Monaco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5647-7519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Cappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head of Research Unit for Innovative Therapies in Endocrinopathies, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital, IRCCS , 00165 Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3429-3246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reiko","family":"Horikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Child Health and Development , Tokyo 157-8535, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamar","family":"Banon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Medicine, World Anti-Doping Agency , Montreal, QC , H4Z 1B7","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1912-4161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoko","family":"Dozono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Medicine, World Anti-Doping Agency , Montreal, QC , H4Z 1B7","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7526-3142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan D","family":"Rogol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA 22903 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2025052712575504200_dgae897-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1159\/000444054","article-title":"Hormonal eligibility criteria for \u2018includes females\u2019 competition: a practical but problematic solution","volume":"85","author":"Allen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"2025052712575504200_dgae897-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1159\/000316130","article-title":"Current indications for growth hormone therapy in children and adolescents","volume":"18","author":"Richmond","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocr Dev"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025052712575504200_dgae897-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e220504","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-22-0504","article-title":"Diagnosis and testing for growth hormone deficiency across the ages: a global view of the accuracy, caveats, and cut-offs for diagnosis","volume":"12","author":"Yuen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"issue":"11-12","key":"2025052712575504200_dgae897-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1159\/000521281","article-title":"When is a positive test for pediatric growth hormone deficiency a true positive test?","volume":"94","author":"Bright","year":"2021","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"issue":"11-12","key":"2025052712575504200_dgae897-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1159\/000521628","article-title":"The diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency remains a judgment call\u2014and that is good","volume":"94","author":"Allen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025052712575504200_dgae897-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-21-1179","article-title":"The landscape of retesting in childhood-onset idiopathic growth hormone deficiency and its reversibility: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"187","author":"Laurer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025052712575504200_dgae897-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c7157","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c7157","article-title":"Impact of growth hormone therapy on adult height of children with idiopathic short stature: systematic review","volume":"342","author":"Deodati","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025052712575504200_dgae897-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e519","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0293","article-title":"Impact of growth hormone therapy on adult height of children born small for gestational age","volume":"124","author":"Maiorana","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025052712575504200_dgae897-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2022.11.010","article-title":"Growth hormone effect on body composition of children born small for gestational age: a systematic review","volume":"99","author":"K\u00fchl","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pediatr (Rio J)"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025052712575504200_dgae897-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3033","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0308","article-title":"Growth hormone treatment in adolescent males with idiopathic short stature: changes in body composition, protein, fat, and glucose metabolism","volume":"92","author":"Hannon","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025052712575504200_dgae897-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2005.06.012","article-title":"Effect of growth hormone therapy and puberty on bone and body composition in children with idiopathic short stature and growth hormone deficiency","volume":"37","author":"H\u00f6gler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025052712575504200_dgae897-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2007.07.043","article-title":"Growth hormone treatment and fat redistribution in children born small for gestational age","volume":"152","author":"De Schepper","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025052712575504200_dgae897-B13","first-page":"3512","article-title":"Human growth hormone treatment of short-stature children born small for gestational age: effect on muscle and adipose tissue mass during a 3-year treatment period and after 1 year's withdrawal","volume":"83","author":"Leger","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025052712575504200_dgae897-B14","volume-title":"Endotext","author":"Feldt-Rasmussen","year":"2000"},{"key":"2025052712575504200_dgae897-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2017.05.005","article-title":"Impact of GH administration on athletic performance in healthy young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials","volume":"34","author":"Hermansen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Growth Horm IGF Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025052712575504200_dgae897-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-148-10-200805200-00215","article-title":"Systematic review: the effects of growth hormone on athletic performance","volume":"148","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2025052712575504200_dgae897-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19417381241245938","article-title":"Can human growth hormone accelerate tendon and ligament injury recovery?","author":"Baumgarten","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"2025052712575504200_dgae897-B18","first-page":"e2","article-title":"The role of anabolic hormones for wound healing in catabolic states","volume":"4","author":"Demling","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Burns Wounds"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025052712575504200_dgae897-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.179325","article-title":"Growth hormone stimulates the collagen synthesis in human tendon and skeletal muscle without affecting myofibrillar protein synthesis","volume":"588","author":"Doessing","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025052712575504200_dgae897-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1159\/000458526","article-title":"Growth promotion ethics and the challenge to resist cosmetic endocrinology","volume":"87","author":"Allen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgae897\/61342948\/dgae897.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/110\/6\/e2088\/61342948\/dgae897.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/110\/6\/e2088\/61342948\/dgae897.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T16:59:17Z","timestamp":1748365157000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/110\/6\/e2088\/7943303"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgae897","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]}}}