{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:54:09Z","timestamp":1792090449661,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation for Research and Education Excellence"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent cardio-metabolic disorders in women. However, PCOS diagnosis is often missed or delayed, which may have serious physical and mental health consequences. The extent of underdiagnosis remains unknown.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This work aimed to estimate the extent to which PCOS is underdiagnosed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We systematically searched PubMed and Embase through July 2023 for studies reporting PCOS prevalence in the general population and the Health System or Insurer Records (HSIR).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We identified 6583 records, of which we included 7 population-based studies and 11 HSIR-based studies from the same populations in 3 countries. In the United States, population-based studies reported a PCOS prevalence between 4% and 19.6%, while HSIR-based studies reported 0.2% to 5.2%. In the United Kingdom, an HSIR-based study reported a PCOS prevalence of 1.34%, compared to around 8% prevalence in the population. In South Korea, 2 population-based studies reported a PCOS prevalence of 4.9% and 7%, compared to 0.12% to 0.33% in one HSIR, and 4.3% in another. When data were available, PCOS detection in HSIR appeared to improve over time, although it was still far from reflecting the actual prevalence in the population.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our data revealed a substantially lower rate of PCOS in HSIR relative to population-based studies in the United States, the United Kingdom, and South Korea, likely indicating that PCOS is underdiagnosed and\/or underreported. Overall, these findings highlight the critical need to improve the awareness of health care practitioners and payers, and likely the public at large, regarding PCOS.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T04:14:46Z","timestamp":1737432886000},"page":"e1759-e1766","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Population-Based vs Health System and Insurer Records: Significant Underdiagnosis of PCOS"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7084-7846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sana","family":"Hatoum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation for Research and Education Excellence , Vestavia, AL 35243 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1126-9297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mina","family":"Amiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation for Research and Education Excellence , Vestavia, AL 35243 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7762-4394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dawnkimberly","family":"Hopkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Nursing, Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine , Bethesda, MD 20817 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9148-0692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard P","family":"Buyalos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ob\/Gyn, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) , Birmingham, AL 35249 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Bril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, UAB , Birmingham, AL 35249 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3917-0483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Azziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ob\/Gyn, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) , Birmingham, AL 35249 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, UAB , Birmingham, AL 35249 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Healthcare Organization & Policy, School of Public Health, UAB , Birmingham, AL 35249 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Health Policy, Management, and Behavior, School of Public Health, University at Albany, SUNY , Rensselaer, NY 12144 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2025052713041348700_dgaf037-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002698","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"132","author":"Azziz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025052713041348700_dgaf037-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2841","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew218","article-title":"The prevalence and phenotypic features of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Bozdag","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025052713041348700_dgaf037-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-020-00576-1","article-title":"Risk of hypertension in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review, 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