{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T03:06:23Z","timestamp":1778209583924,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019009","name":"Fondation Francophone pour la Recherche sur le Diab\u00e8te","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-19-CE15-0014-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-19-CE15-0014-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019009","name":"Fondation Francophone pour la Recherche sur le Diab\u00e8te","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EQU20193007831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EQU20193007831"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019009","name":"Fondation Francophone pour la Recherche sur le Diab\u00e8te","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SCR_014641"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCR_014641"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001067","name":"JDRF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5-SRA-2018-557-Q-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5-SRA-2018-557-Q-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001067","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007028","name":"Leona M. & Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#2018PG-T1D053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2018PG-T1D053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007028","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies on a genetic background largely determined by HLA class II haplotypes. Stage 1 T1D is characterized by the presence of multiple autoantibodies and normoglycemia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To investigate the prevalence of high-risk HLA-DQB1 haplotypes and the extent of islet autoimmunity in pancreatic tissues from nondiabetic organ donors with autoantibodies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We analyzed 117 virtual pancreatic slides from 30 antibody-positive nondiabetic donors from the Network for Pancreatic Organ Donors with Diabetes (nPOD).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Thirty nondiabetic individuals positive for \u22651 autoantibody. HLA haplotypes were classified as at risk (DQ2, namely DQB1*02:01 and\/or DQ8, namely DQB1*03:02), protective (DQ6, namely DQB1*06:02) or neutral (other HLA-DQ alleles).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CD3+ lymphocyte infiltration of both endocrine and exocrine pancreas, according to HLA.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among these 30 individuals with a median age of 25 years (interquartile range 21-39); median body mass index 24\u2005kg\/m2 (21-30), 23 were single autoantibody-positive and 7 were positive for 2 autoantibodies. \u03b2-cell mass was normal in all. HLA-DQ allele distribution was similar to that of autoantibody-negative nondiabetic nPOD donors and differed from that of nPOD donors with stage 3 T1D. Insulitis was identified only in 1 case. CD3+ lymphocyte densities did no correlate with HLA status or autoantibody number or titers, neither in islets nor in the exocrine pancreas.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Contrary to stage 3 T1D, autoantibody-positive donors had normal \u03b2-cell mass and no significant insulitis, suggesting heterogeneity in the progression of autoimmunity, even in the presence of genetic risk, rather than a uniform slow-progressing process.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T07:17:29Z","timestamp":1737962249000},"page":"e3376-e3382","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Insulitis and Exocrinitis in Autoantibody-positive Nondiabetic Individuals: Role of HLA Genotypes"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0418-1107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Diedisheim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 , Paris F-75006 ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"IMMEDIAB Laboratory, Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 , Paris F-75015 ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9846-8861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Mallone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 , Paris F-75006 ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Service de diab\u00e9tologie et immunologie clinique, H\u00f4pital Cochin, APHP.centre-Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 , Paris F-75014 ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Mallone-You Lab, 1210 Waterway Blvd., Ste. 2000, Indianapolis, IN 46202 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Pugliese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes Immunology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute , Duarte, CA 91010 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3287-6309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dani\u00e8le","family":"Dubois-Laforgue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 , Paris F-75006 ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Service de diab\u00e9tologie et immunologie clinique, H\u00f4pital Cochin, APHP.centre-Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 , Paris F-75014 ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1017-1845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Etienne","family":"Larger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 , Paris F-75006 ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Service de diab\u00e9tologie et immunologie clinique, H\u00f4pital Cochin, APHP.centre-Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 , Paris F-75014 ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"2025091917024623700_dgaf039-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-1419","article-title":"Staging presymptomatic type 1 diabetes: a scientific statement of JDRF, the Endocrine Society, and the American Diabetes Association","volume":"38","author":"Insel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes 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