{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T02:38:39Z","timestamp":1792463919471,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is used as treatment for symptomatic thyroid nodules. Factors influencing the volume reduction ratio (VRR) at 12 months are not yet fully understood.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The primary objective of this work was evaluating the VRR at 12 months after RFA. Secondary objectives were the assessment of a learning curve and factors influencing the VRR at 12 months.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted at 3 Dutch referral hospitals of patients who underwent RFA for symptomatic thyroid nodules with available ultrasound (US) follow-up. Main outcome measures included US-based VRR at 12 months and chronologically numbered RFA procedures. All patients\u2019 baseline, treatment, and early follow-up factors were assessed for correlation with VRR at 12 months.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 337 patients with 356 nodules were included in the learning curve analysis. VRR at 12 months increased for the first 20 treatments per center and stabilized thereafter, indicating a plateau phase after a learning curve. These initial cases were removed from further analysis. In the remaining 299 nodules, median VRR at 3, 6, and 12 months was 57.1%, 65.6%, and 70.8%. Baseline nodule volume negatively correlated with VRR at 12 months but VRR was high for every volume category. Energy delivered per volume did not correlate with VRR.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In RFA for thyroid nodules, a stable treatment efficacy is achieved after 20 treatments, with a median VRR of 70.8%. Baseline nodule volume, energy delivered, and prolonged follow-up 6 months after treatment may not be clinically relevant to predict treatment success.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T07:43:45Z","timestamp":1738136625000},"page":"3201-3209","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Radiofrequency Ablation for Thyroid Nodules (RATED Study)\u2014Analysis of a Learning Curve and Predictors of Success"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5822-4937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manon M D","family":"van der Meeren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rijnstate, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , 6815 AD Arnhem ,","place":["the Netherlands"]},{"name":"Rijnstate, Department of Internal Medicine , 6815 AD Arnhem ,","place":["the Netherlands"]},{"name":"Radboudumc, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , 6525 GA Nijmegen ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Boers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Twente, Multi-modality Medical Imaging, TechMed Center , 7522 NH Enschede ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pim","family":"de Graaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , 1081 HV Amsterdam ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katya M","family":"Duvivier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , 1081 HV Amsterdam ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koen M A","family":"Dreijerink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , 1081 HV Amsterdam ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura N","family":"Deden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rijnstate, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , 6815 AD Arnhem ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Veendrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rijnstate, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , 6815 AD Arnhem ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Cernohorsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rijnstate, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , 6815 AD Arnhem ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank B M","family":"Joosten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rijnstate, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , 6815 AD Arnhem ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelique B M C","family":"Savelberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meander Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine , 3813 TZ Amersfoort ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sicco J","family":"Braak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ziekenhuisgroep Twente, Department of Radiology , 7609 PP Almelo ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean H P P","family":"Roerink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rijnstate, Department of Internal Medicine , 6815 AD Arnhem ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Versluis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Twente, Physics of Fluids, TechMed Center , 7522 NH Enschede ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srirang","family":"Manohar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Twente, Multi-modality Medical Imaging, TechMed Center , 7522 NH Enschede ,","place":["the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim J G","family":"Oyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rijnstate, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , 6815 AD Arnhem ,","place":["the Netherlands"]},{"name":"Radboudumc, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine , 6525 GA Nijmegen ,","place":["the Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Humanitas University , 20089 Milan ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2025101519582474900_dgaf058-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2018.19.1.167","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation for benign thyroid nodules: a prospective multicenter study","volume":"19","author":"Jung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025101519582474900_dgaf058-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2017.0547","article-title":"Monopolar radiofrequency ablation of thyroid nodules: a prospective Austrian single-center study","volume":"28","author":"Dobnig","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025101519582474900_dgaf058-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2020.35.2.339","article-title":"Long-term results of thermal ablation of benign thyroid nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Cho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab (Seoul)"},{"issue":"34","key":"2025101519582474900_dgaf058-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4659","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004659","article-title":"Radiofrequency ablation for treatment of benign thyroid nodules: a PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes","volume":"95","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025101519582474900_dgaf058-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-0685","article-title":"Radiofrequency ablation for benign thyroid nodules according to different ultrasound features: an Italian multicentre prospective study","volume":"180","author":"Deandrea","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025101519582474900_dgaf058-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e210304","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-21-0304","article-title":"Radiofrequency ablation for symptomatic, non-functioning, thyroid nodules: a single-center learning curve","volume":"11","author":"Bom","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025101519582474900_dgaf058-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2022.01.012","article-title":"Radiofrequency ablation for benign symptomatic thyroid nodules in The Netherlands: successful Introduction of a minimally invasive treatment option improving quality of life","volume":"33","author":"Lon\u010dar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025101519582474900_dgaf058-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-020-02632-0","article-title":"Tracheal necrosis following radiofrequency ablation of a benign thyroid nodule","volume":"44","author":"van Baardewijk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025101519582474900_dgaf058-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1080\/02656736.2018.1430868","article-title":"Nodule size as predictive factor of efficacy of radiofrequency ablation in treating autonomously functioning thyroid nodules","volume":"34","author":"Cesareo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Hyperthermia"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025101519582474900_dgaf058-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5189","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-07532-y","article-title":"Determining an energy threshold for optimal volume reduction of benign thyroid nodules treated by radiofrequency ablation","volume":"31","author":"Deandrea","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"2025101519582474900_dgaf058-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774228","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.774228","article-title":"A nomogram to predict regrowth after ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation for benign thyroid nodules","volume":"12","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025101519582474900_dgaf058-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5615","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-023-09481-8","article-title":"Analysis and prediction of regrowth in benign thyroid nodules undergoing radiofrequency ablation: a retrospective study with a 5-year follow-up","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025101519582474900_dgaf058-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/02656736.2021.1871974","article-title":"Learning curve for radiofrequency ablation of benign thyroid nodules","volume":"38","author":"Russ","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Hyperthermia"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025101519582474900_dgaf058-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-023-01044-z","article-title":"Effect of ultrasound parameters of benign thyroid nodules on radiofrequency ablation efficacy","volume":"23","author":"Motaghed","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Med Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025101519582474900_dgaf058-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1080\/02656736.2021.1993358","article-title":"Learning curve analysis of radiofrequency ablation for benign thyroid nodules","volume":"38","author":"Kuo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Hyperthermia"},{"key":"2025101519582474900_dgaf058-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399912","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1399912","article-title":"Proficiency in performing radiofrequency ablation procedure for non-functioning benign thyroid nodules: a qualitative rather than quantitative matter","volume":"15","author":"Chytiris","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025101519582474900_dgaf058-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-019-02019-3","article-title":"Efficacy of thermal ablation in benign non-functioning solid thyroid nodule: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"67","author":"Trimboli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025101519582474900_dgaf058-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3675","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-023-06319-9","article-title":"Radiofrequency ablation for autonomously functioning nodules as treatment for hyperthyroidism: subgroup analysis of toxic adenoma and multinodular goitre and predictors for treatment success","volume":"50","author":"van der Meeren","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025101519582474900_dgaf058-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2018.0604","article-title":"Image-guided thyroid ablation: proposal for standardization of terminology and reporting criteria","volume":"29","author":"Mauri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025101519582474900_dgaf058-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2017.01.046","article-title":"ACR thyroid imaging, reporting and data system (TI-RADS): white paper of the ACR TI-RADS committee","volume":"14","author":"Tessler","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025101519582474900_dgaf058-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.25181","article-title":"Image-guided chemical and thermal ablations for thyroid disease: review of efficacy and complications","volume":"40","author":"Nixon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"2025101519582474900_dgaf058-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"van der Meeren","DOI":"10.4121\/dd66122a-77c2-4f05-a34a-6b5aed8223e0"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025101519582474900_dgaf058-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2015.16.3.560","article-title":"Inter-observer variation in ultrasound measurement of the volume and diameter of thyroid nodules","volume":"16","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025101519582474900_dgaf058-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.14316","article-title":"Intraobserver and interobserver variability in ultrasound measurements of thyroid nodules","volume":"37","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025101519582474900_dgaf058-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1159\/000508484","article-title":"2020 European thyroid association clinical practice guideline for the use of image-guided ablation in benign thyroid nodules","volume":"9","author":"Papini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025101519582474900_dgaf058-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2018.19.4.632","article-title":"2017 thyroid radiofrequency ablation guideline: korean society of thyroid radiology","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"2025101519582474900_dgaf058-B27","author":"Association. DE"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf058\/61685989\/dgaf058.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/110\/11\/3201\/61685989\/dgaf058.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/110\/11\/3201\/61685989\/dgaf058.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T23:58:30Z","timestamp":1760572710000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/110\/11\/3201\/7989440"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf058","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]}}}