{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T11:01:23Z","timestamp":1791975683352,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"10","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004699","name":"Chung Shan Medical University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSH-2024-A-024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSH-2024-A-024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Reports on long-term thyroid dysfunction following COVID-19 vaccination are limited. Understanding the risk of subacute thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism in vaccinated individuals is crucial for postvaccination monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study evaluated the risk of thyroid dysfunction in individuals vaccinated against COVID-19 compared to unvaccinated individuals, using a large cohort.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study from January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2023, using the TriNetX database, including 1 166 748 vaccinated and 1 166 748 unvaccinated individuals. Propensity score matching was used to balance baseline characteristics. The primary outcomes were new diagnoses of subacute thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The risk of subacute thyroiditis remained unchanged (95% CIs included 1). A significant reduction in hyperthyroidism risk was observed from 3 to 9 months postvaccination (hazard ratios [HRs]: 0.65-0.89, all 95% CIs below 1), but this trend was not significant at 12 months (HR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.92-1.06). In contrast, the risk of hypothyroidism significantly increased from 6 to 12 months postvaccination (HR: 1.14-1.30, all 95% CIs above 1). Among mRNA vaccine recipients, the risk of both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism was significantly elevated at 12 months (HR: 1.16-2.13).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>COVID-19 vaccination was associated with a reduced risk of hyperthyroidism and an increased risk of hypothyroidism, highlighting the need for ongoing thyroid function monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T23:18:33Z","timestamp":1738192713000},"page":"e3366-e3375","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Long-Term Thyroid Outcomes After COVID-19 Vaccination: A Cohort Study of 2 333 496 Patients From the TriNetX 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University Hospital , Taichung 40201 ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4832-455X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gema Hern\u00e1ndez","family":"Ibarburu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Research and Education Support Lead, TriNetX , Cambridge, MA 02140 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1422-1042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsiang-Lin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University , Taichung 40201 ,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital , Taichung 40201 ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1235-0679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James Cheng-Chung","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital , Taiyuan 030032 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital , Taichung 40201 ,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung 413 ,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Institute of Medicine\/Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University , Taichung 40201 ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025091917025813400_dgaf064-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.108906","article-title":"Adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review and 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