{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:26:29Z","timestamp":1790821589583,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scholars in HeAlth Research Program"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center at the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D43 TW009118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43 TW009118"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hip fractures incur high morbidity and mortality. Data on secular trends in mortality from hip fractures and risk predictive models are scarce.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We aim to describe secular trends in 30-day mortality after hip fracture surgery from the 2011-2017 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, identify preoperative and on-discharge predictors of 30-day mortality, and develop risk calculators.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We calculated yearly proportions of deaths and examined survival using Kaplan\u2013Meier curves. We implemented logistic regressions models, using SPSS and created calculators using Excel.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In 84 824 cases of hip fracture surgery, the overall 30-day mortality was 6.8%. It decreased from 8.1% to 6.5% between 2011 and 2017 (P &amp;lt; .001). Significant preoperative predictors of 30-day mortality on admission were male gender, age, lower body mass index, White race, poorer functional health status, higher creatinine, lower hematocrit, &amp;gt;10% weight loss in the past 6 months, congestive heart failure within 30 days before surgery, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Predictors on discharge included preoperative predictors with the exception of White race, hematocrit, and &amp;gt;10% weight loss in the past 6 months, and the addition of unplanned intubation, cerebrovascular accident, myocardial infarction, and pneumonia. The parsimonious preoperative risk calculator for mortality had 10 variables, an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.739, and a model fit R2 of 0.9716. The on-discharge calculator had 11 variables, an AUC of 0.800, and an R2 of 0.9924.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Thirty-day mortality after hip fracture surgery decreased significantly from 2011 to 2017. Readily available clinical risk factors predict mortality preoperatively and on discharge. While most predictors are nonmodifiable, the calculators may better inform clinical decision-making.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T00:59:07Z","timestamp":1740099547000},"page":"3210-3219","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Secular Trends in Hip Fracture Mortality and Predictors of Mortality From the NSQIP Database"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1411-5121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caline","family":"Rhayem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, American University of Beirut Medical Center , 1107 2020 Beirut ,","place":["Lebanon"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5727-2613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aya","family":"Ghosn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Memorial Sloan Kettering , New York, NY 10065 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0174-7454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeinab Ali","family":"Issa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, American University of Beirut Medical Center , 1107 2020 Beirut ,","place":["Lebanon"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joudie Sahar","family":"Alwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan , Detroit, MI 48201 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hani","family":"Dimassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American University , P.O. Box 36, Byblos ,","place":["Lebanon"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachid","family":"Haidar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopedic Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center , 1107 2020 Beirut ,","place":["Lebanon"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2076-5858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghada","family":"El-Hajj Fuleihan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, American University of Beirut Medical Center , 1107 2020 Beirut ,","place":["Lebanon"]},{"name":"Calcium Metabolism and Osteoporosis Program, WHO Collaborating Center for Metabolic Bone Disorders, American University of Beirut Medical Center , 1107 2020 Beirut ,","place":["Lebanon"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2025101519581599900_dgaf087-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4821","article-title":"Global epidemiology of hip fractures: secular trends in incidence rate, post-fracture treatment, and all-cause mortality","volume":"38","author":"Sing","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025101519581599900_dgaf087-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e580","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(21)00172-0","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of bone fractures in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"2","author":"GBD 2019 Fracture Collaborators","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025101519581599900_dgaf087-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3182a22744","article-title":"A risk calculator for short-term morbidity and mortality after hip fracture surgery","volume":"28","author":"Pugely","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025101519581599900_dgaf087-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11030497","article-title":"Predicting 30-day and 180-day mortality in elderly proximal hip fracture patients: evaluation of 4 risk prediction scores at a level I trauma center","volume":"11","author":"Nia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025101519581599900_dgaf087-B5","first-page":"199","article-title":"The American college of surgeons national surgical quality improvement program: achieving better and safer surgery","volume":"41","author":"Ko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf"},{"key":"2025101519581599900_dgaf087-B6","author":"American College of Surgeons"},{"key":"2025101519581599900_dgaf087-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rhayem C, Ghosn A, Issa Z, et al \u00a0Secular Trends in Hip Fracture Mortality and Predictors of Mortality from the NSQIP Database. 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