{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:35:00Z","timestamp":1791905700127,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":212,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research","award":["PRIN2022AWB8T4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIN2022AWB8T4"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sex steroids are pivotal in skeletal development and maintenance throughout life. Testosterone primarily drives male cortical bone growth and periosteal expansion, particularly during puberty, while estradiol (E2) is essential for trabecular bone formation and inhibiting resorption. The conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone and E2, the transport proteins, the somatotropic axis, and the nonandrogenic functions of the testis underscore the intricate interplay protecting male bone health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Clinical models, including estrogen resistance, aromatase deficiency, and complete androgen insensitivity syndromes, highlight E2\u2019s critical role in maintaining male bone integrity. The use of aromatase inhibitors and androgen deprivation therapy reveals the adverse effects of estrogen and androgen blockade, often resulting in substantial bone loss. Gender-affirming hormone therapies provide further insights into testosterone's influence on cortical bone during development and the maintenance role of sex steroids in adulthood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This review digs into the link between male hypogonadism and osteoporosis, emphasizing testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) and findings from major trials, including T-Trial Bone, T4Bone, and TRAVERSE Fracture. While TRT has been shown to improve bone mineral density, its effect on fracture risk remains inconclusive. Unexpected findings from the TRAVERSE Fracture trial highlight the importance of caution and confirm that antiresorptive therapies remain the first-line treatment for male osteoporosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Investigating the synergistic effects of combining TRT with antiresorptive therapies, the effect of therapeutic timing on peak bone mass accrual, and the role of confounders in fracture risk are promising areas for future research to optimize male skeletal health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T21:00:56Z","timestamp":1742677256000},"page":"e2121-e2135","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Testosterone and Male Bone Health: A Puzzle of Interactions"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7476-0737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Tenuta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome 00161 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4301-6662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Hasenmajer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome 00161 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2682-8266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Gianfrilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome 00161 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9037-5417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea M","family":"Isidori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome 00161 ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Centre for Rare Diseases (Endo-ERN accredited), Policlinico Umberto I , Rome 00161 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00012-2","article-title":"Osteoporosis in men","volume":"10","author":"Vilaca","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12470","article-title":"EAA clinical guideline on management of bone health in the andrological outpatient clinic","volume":"6","author":"Rochira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.50","article-title":"Mortality risk associated with low-trauma osteoporotic fracture and subsequent fracture in men and women","volume":"301","author":"Bliuc","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-3045","article-title":"Osteoporosis in men: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"97","author":"Watts","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.37191\/mapsci-2582-7960-3(1)-024","article-title":"Male hypogonadism and osteoporosis: a systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Oduwegwu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Endo Meta Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B6","first-page":"3626","article-title":"Hormonal and biochemical parameters in the determination of osteoporosis in elderly men","volume":"84","author":"Center","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-3058","article-title":"Clinical review. Risk factors for low bone mass-related fractures in men: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"97","author":"Drake","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1991.tb02698.x","article-title":"Does hypogonadism contribute to the occurrence of a minimal trauma hip fracture in elderly men?","volume":"39","author":"Stanley","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2016-1067","article-title":"Dihydrotestosterone: biochemistry, physiology, and clinical implications of elevated blood levels","volume":"38","author":"Swerdloff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R23","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-1000","article-title":"MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: estradiol as a male hormone","volume":"181","author":"Russell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04562-1","article-title":"Role of sex hormone-binding globulin in the free hormone hypothesis and the relevance of free testosterone in androgen physiology","volume":"79","author":"Narinx","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e236","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab605","article-title":"Testicular microvascular flow is altered in klinefelter syndrome and predicts circulating testosterone","volume":"107","author":"Carlomagno","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4827","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25094827","article-title":"Links among obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and osteoporosis: bone as a target","volume":"25","author":"Martiniakova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/5584_2024_831","article-title":"Breaking down bone disease in people living with HIV: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment","author":"Hasenmajer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2012.04452.x","article-title":"The combination of FRAX and ageing male symptoms scale better identifies treated HIV males at risk for major fracture","volume":"77","author":"Pepe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-014-0349-0","article-title":"Effect of risedronate in osteoporotic HIV males, according to gonadal status: a pilot study","volume":"47","author":"Pepe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvae146","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in adults: recommendations from the European Calcified Tissue Society","volume":"191","author":"Paccou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101758","article-title":"Modifiable risk factors for bone health & fragility fractures","volume":"36","author":"Wilson-Barnes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.07.001","article-title":"Executive summary of the 2019 ISCD position development conference on monitoring treatment, DXA cross-calibration and least significant change, spinal cord injury, peri-prosthetic and orthopedic bone health, transgender medicine, and pediatrics","volume":"22","author":"Shuhart","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2018-00987","article-title":"Membrane androgen receptors unrelated to nuclear steroid receptors","volume":"160","author":"Thomas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-014-2865-4","article-title":"Estrogens, the be-all and end-all of male hypogonadal bone loss?","volume":"26","author":"Laurent","year":"2015","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a031211","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a031211","article-title":"Regulation of bone metabolism by sex steroids","volume":"8","author":"Khosla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(01)00643-3","article-title":"Deletion of estrogen receptors reveals a regulatory role for estrogen receptors-beta in bone remodeling in females but not in males","volume":"30","author":"Sims","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"16","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9416","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1533500100","article-title":"Suppressive function of androgen receptor in bone resorption","volume":"100","author":"Kawano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2013.135","article-title":"Testicular function and bone metabolism--beyond testosterone","volume":"9","author":"Ferlin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.061117","article-title":"Osteoblast deletion of exon 3 of the androgen receptor gene results in trabecular bone loss in adult male mice","volume":"22","author":"Notini","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1713","article-title":"Androgen receptor (AR) in osteocytes is important for the maintenance of male skeletal integrity: evidence from targeted AR disruption in mouse osteocytes","volume":"27","author":"Sinnesael","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.070507","article-title":"Age-related changes in trabecular architecture differ in female and male C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"22","author":"Glatt","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"21","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13498","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.212474399","article-title":"Generation and characterization of androgen receptor knockout (ARKO) mice: an in vivo model for the study of androgen functions in selective tissues","volume":"99","author":"Yeh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2015.04.030","article-title":"The androgen receptor has no direct antiresorptive actions in mouse osteoclasts","volume":"411","author":"Sinnesael","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2018.10.008","article-title":"The androgen receptor is required for maintenance of bone mass in adult male mice","volume":"479","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29733","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029733","article-title":"Profiling insulin like factor 3 (INSL3) signaling in human osteoblasts","volume":"6","author":"Ferlin","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E646","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1628","article-title":"Bone mineral density and testicular failure: evidence for a role of vitamin D 25-hydroxylase in human testis","volume":"96","author":"Foresta","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.004","article-title":"Endocrine regulation of male fertility by the skeleton","volume":"144","author":"Oury","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3049","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-024-02390-7","article-title":"Total osteocalcin levels are independently associated with worse testicular function and a higher degree of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activation in Klinefelter syndrome","volume":"47","author":"Carlomagno","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00033.2015","article-title":"Estrogens and androgens in skeletal physiology and pathophysiology","volume":"97","author":"Almeida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnae003","article-title":"Mini-puberty, physiological and disordered: consequences, and potential for therapeutic replacement","volume":"45","author":"Rohayem","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-019-05180-7","article-title":"Relationship between bone mineral content and bone turnover markers, sex hormones and calciotropic hormones in pre- and early pubertal children","volume":"31","author":"Z\u00fcrcher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2755","article-title":"Bone mass and strength in school-age children exhibit sexual dimorphism related to differences in lean mass: the generation R study","volume":"31","author":"Medina-Gomez","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12918","article-title":"Somatotropic-testicular axis: a crosstalk between GH\/IGF-I and gonadal hormones during development, transition, and adult age","volume":"9","author":"Tenuta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-006-0275-y","article-title":"Gender differences in the ratio between humerus width and length are established prior to puberty","volume":"18","author":"Clark","year":"2007","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.2.7186","article-title":"The development of bone strength at the proximal radius during childhood and adolescence","volume":"86","author":"Schoenau","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2022.116368","article-title":"The relationship between circulating hormone levels, bone turnover markers and skeletal development in healthy boys differs according to maturation stage","volume":"158","author":"Banica","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891217","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.891217","article-title":"Association of sex hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin levels with bone mineral density in adolescents aged 12\u201319 years","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.09.056","article-title":"The determinants of peak bone mass","volume":"180","author":"Gordon","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.6065\/apem.2015.20.1.8","article-title":"Pubertal growth and epiphyseal fusion","volume":"20","author":"Shim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.050404","article-title":"Free testosterone is a positive, whereas free estradiol is a negative, predictor of cortical bone size in young Swedish men: the GOOD study","volume":"20","author":"Lorentzon","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI7060","article-title":"The differing tempo of growth in bone size, mass, and density in girls is region-specific","volume":"104","author":"Bass","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2000.15.10.1871","article-title":"Heterogeneity in the growth of the axial and appendicular skeleton in boys: implications for the pathogenesis of bone fragility in men","volume":"15","author":"Bradney","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2013-1245","article-title":"Both estrogen receptor \u03b1 and \u03b2 stimulate pituitary GH gene expression","volume":"28","author":"Avtanski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B51","first-page":"550","article-title":"Growth hormone (GH)-deficient men are more responsive to GH replacement therapy than women","volume":"82","author":"Burman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e198918","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.8918","article-title":"Association between age at puberty and bone accrual from 10 to 25 years of age","volume":"2","author":"Elhakeem","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e171769","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.1769","article-title":"Association between linear growth and bone accrual in a diverse cohort of children and adolescents","volume":"171","author":"McCormack","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.2.8202","article-title":"Longitudinal follow-up of bone density and body composition in children with precocious or early puberty before, during and after cessation of GnRH agonist therapy","volume":"87","author":"van der Sluis","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.020602","article-title":"Pubertal timing predicts previous fractures and BMD in young adult men: the GOOD study","volume":"21","author":"Kindblom","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002986","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002986","article-title":"Pubertal timing and adult fracture risk in men: a population-based cohort study","volume":"16","author":"Vandenput","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2009.10.003","article-title":"Peak bone mineral density, lean body mass and fractures","volume":"46","author":"Boot","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117034","article-title":"Timing of peak bone mass in Caucasian females and its implication for the prevention of osteoporosis. Inference from a cross-sectional model","volume":"93","author":"Matkovic","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(90)90064-6","article-title":"Premenopausal bone loss in the lumbar spine and neck of femur: a study of 225 Caucasian women","volume":"11","author":"Rodin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1570","article-title":"Timing of peak bone mass: discrepancies between CT and DXA","volume":"92","author":"Wren","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B61","first-page":"3951","article-title":"Clinical review 117: hormonal determinants and disorders of peak bone mass in children","volume":"85","author":"Soyka","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021036","article-title":"Differential effects of androgens and estrogens on bone turnover in normal men","volume":"88","author":"Leder","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI10942","article-title":"Relative contributions of testosterone and estrogen in regulating bone resorption and formation in normal elderly men","volume":"106","author":"Falahati-Nini","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4785","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0739","article-title":"Effects of aromatase inhibition on bone mineral density and bone turnover in older men with low testosterone levels","volume":"94","author":"Burnett-Bowie","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009541","article-title":"Risk factors for increased bone loss in an elderly population: the rotterdam study","volume":"147","author":"Burger","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650070511","article-title":"Bone mineral density in elderly men and women: results from the framingham osteoporosis study","volume":"7","author":"Hannan","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.090419","article-title":"Loss of hip BMD in older men: the osteoporotic fractures in men (MrOS) study","volume":"24","author":"Cawthon","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2012.03.008","article-title":"Estrogen and the skeleton","volume":"23","author":"Khosla","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.2.8201","article-title":"Age trends in the level of serum testosterone and other hormones in middle-aged men: longitudinal results from the Massachusetts male aging study","volume":"87","author":"Feldman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-07-0873","article-title":"The decline of serum testosterone levels in community-dwelling men over 70 years of age: descriptive data and predictors of longitudinal changes","volume":"159","author":"Lapauw","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4314","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2635","article-title":"Sex steroid hormones in older men: longitudinal associations with 4.5\u2013year change in hip bone mineral density--the osteoporotic fractures in men study","volume":"95","author":"Cauley","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3746","article-title":"Relationship between sex steroids and deterioration of bone microarchitecture in older men: the prospective STRAMBO study","volume":"34","author":"Piot","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3337","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0206","article-title":"The effects of serum testosterone, estradiol, and sex hormone binding globulin levels on fracture risk in older men","volume":"94","author":"LeBlanc","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-011-1552-y","article-title":"Sex steroids and bone health in older Chinese men","volume":"23","author":"Woo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2007.2","article-title":"Endogenous sex hormones and incident fracture risk in older men: the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study","volume":"168","author":"Meier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-010-1437-5","article-title":"Influence of age and sex steroids on bone density and geometry in middle-aged and elderly European men","volume":"22","author":"Ward","year":"2011","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa115","article-title":"U-shaped association of plasma testosterone, and no association of plasma estradiol, with incidence of fractures in men","volume":"105","author":"Yeap","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4543","article-title":"Modest changes in sex hormones during early and middle adulthood affect bone mass and size in healthy men: a prospective cohort study","volume":"37","author":"Banica","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae703","article-title":"Associations of serum testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin with incident fractures in middle-aged to older men","volume":"110","author":"Grahnemo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2904","article-title":"Progressive temporal change in serum SHBG, but not in serum testosterone or estradiol, is associated with bone loss and incident fractures in older men: the concord health and ageing in men project","volume":"31","author":"Hsu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2493","article-title":"Reproductive hormones and longitudinal change in bone mineral density and incident fracture risk in older men: the concord health and aging in men project","volume":"30","author":"Hsu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154399","article-title":"Testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, bone density, and hip fracture risk among older men: the cardiovascular health study","volume":"114","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-018-2076-9","article-title":"A population-based study of the risk of osteoporosis and fracture with dutasteride and finasteride","volume":"19","author":"Antoniou","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"14","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.14.1660","article-title":"Association between 5-alpha reductase inhibition and risk of hip fracture","volume":"300","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-010-1320-4","article-title":"Risk of fractures associated with treatment for benign prostate hyperplasia in men","volume":"22","author":"Vestergaard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0140598","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140598","article-title":"Risk of fractures and falls during and after 5-\u03b1 reductase inhibitor use: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Robinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65095-1","article-title":"The long-term effect of specific type II 5alpha-reductase inhibition with finasteride on bone mineral density in men: results of a 4-year placebo controlled trial","volume":"167","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.080518","article-title":"Older men with low serum estradiol and high serum SHBG have an increased risk of fractures","volume":"23","author":"Mellstr\u00f6m","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgz196","article-title":"Sex-specific estrogen levels and reference intervals from infancy to late adulthood determined by LC-MS\/MS","volume":"105","author":"Frederiksen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.23.3.0465","article-title":"Sex steroids and the construction and conservation of the adult skeleton","volume":"23","author":"Riggs","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"16","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199410203311604","article-title":"Estrogen resistance caused by a mutation in the estrogen-receptor gene in a man","volume":"331","author":"Smith","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1995.tb13714.x","article-title":"The role of estrogen in pubertal skeletal physiology: epiphyseal maturation and mineralization of the skeleton","volume":"84","author":"Frank","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B93","first-page":"3689","article-title":"Aromatase deficiency in male and female siblings caused by a novel mutation and the physiological role of estrogens","volume":"80","author":"Morishima","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6025","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0602","article-title":"Estrogens are essential for male pubertal periosteal bone expansion","volume":"89","author":"Bouillon","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B95","first-page":"309","article-title":"Altered bone mineral density in patients with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome","volume":"50","author":"Bertelloni","year":"1998","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2009.04.198","article-title":"Estrogen-specific action on bone geometry and volumetric bone density: longitudinal observations in an adult with complete androgen insensitivity","volume":"45","author":"Taes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1159\/000477599","article-title":"Bone mineral density in women living with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome and intact testes or removed gonads","volume":"11","author":"Bertelloni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sex Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13368","article-title":"Bone mineral density in complete androgen insensitivity syndrome and the timing of gonadectomy","volume":"87","author":"King","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-19-0383","article-title":"Bone mineral density, body composition and metabolic profiles in adult women with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome and removed gonads using oral or transdermal estrogens","volume":"181","author":"Gava","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2006.06584.x","article-title":"The clinical significance of bone mineral density and testosterone levels in Korean men with non-mosaic Klinefelter's syndrome","volume":"99","author":"Seo","year":"2007","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-010-1354-7","article-title":"Bone mineral density in Klinefelter syndrome is reduced and primarily determined by muscle strength and resorptive markers, but not directly by testosterone","volume":"22","author":"Bojesen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2474","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2272","article-title":"Bone geometry, volumetric density, microarchitecture, and estimated bone strength assessed by HR-pQCT in Klinefelter syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Shanbhogue","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12841","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of radiological vertebral fractures in patients with Klinefelter syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Vena","year":"2020","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-022-00956-2","article-title":"Klinefelter bone microarchitecture evolution with testosterone replacement therapy","volume":"111","author":"Piot","year":"2022","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-022-01901-8","article-title":"Body composition, trabecular bone score and vertebral fractures in subjects with Klinefelter syndrome","volume":"46","author":"Vena","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)61639-2","article-title":"Bone mineral density in men treated with synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists for prostatic carcinoma","volume":"161","author":"Maillefert","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041943","article-title":"Risk of fracture after androgen deprivation for prostate cancer","volume":"352","author":"Shahinian","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E456","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0902","article-title":"Structural decay of bone microarchitecture in men with prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy","volume":"95","author":"Hamilton","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1038\/pcan.2014.31","article-title":"Bone complications among prostate cancer survivors: long-term follow-up from the prostate cancer outcomes study","volume":"17","author":"Morgans","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-015-1843-3","article-title":"Risk of fracture in men with prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy: a population-based cohort study in New Zealand","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-018-4722-3","article-title":"Patients with prostate cancer and androgen deprivation therapy have increased risk of fractures-a study from the fractures and fall injuries in the elderly cohort (FRAILCO)","volume":"30","author":"Wallander","year":"2019","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14905","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94090-y","article-title":"Effect of androgen deprivation therapy on serum levels of sclerostin, Dickkopf-1, and osteoprotegerin: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B113","first-page":"290","article-title":"Impact of aromatase inhibitor therapy on bone turnover, cortical bone growth and vertebral morphology in pre- and peripubertal boys with idiopathic short stature","volume":"71","author":"Hero","year":"2009","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4984","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2891","article-title":"Randomized trial of aromatase inhibitors, growth hormone, or combination in pubertal boys with idiopathic, short stature","volume":"101","author":"Mauras","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-014-3210-y","article-title":"Common normal variants of pediatric vertebral development that mimic fractures: a pictorial review from a national longitudinal bone health study","volume":"45","author":"Jaremko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12126","article-title":"Effects of aromatase inhibition vs. Testosterone in older men with low testosterone: randomized-controlled trial","volume":"4","author":"Dias","year":"2016","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3904","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-01642","article-title":"Effect of sex steroids on the bone health of transgender individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"102","author":"Singh-Ospina","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2016.11.008","article-title":"Effect of pubertal suppression and cross-sex hormone therapy on bone turnover markers and bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) in transgender adolescents","volume":"95","author":"Vlot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8060784","article-title":"Systematic review of the long-term effects of transgender hormone therapy on bone markers and bone mineral density and their potential effects in implant therapy","volume":"8","author":"Delgado-Ruiz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4262","article-title":"Development of hip bone geometry during gender-affirming hormone therapy in transgender adolescents resembles that of the experienced gender when pubertal suspension is started in early puberty","volume":"36","author":"van der Loos","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4497","article-title":"Bone microarchitecture in transgender adults: a cross-sectional study","volume":"37","author":"Bretherton","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2022.07.002","article-title":"Interpretation of bone mineral density Z-scores by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in transgender and gender diverse youth prior to gender-affirming medical therapy","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2021.108951","article-title":"Bone mineral density, trabecular bone score and muscle strength in transgender men receiving testosterone therapy versus cisgender men","volume":"178","author":"Andrade","year":"2022","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-024-01296-z","article-title":"Short-term changes in bone metabolism among transgender men starting gender-affirming hormone therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"115","author":"Tienforti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-013-9808-5","article-title":"Bone microarchitecture and estimated strength in 499 adult Danish women and men: a cross-sectional, population-based high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomographic study on peak bone structure","volume":"94","author":"Hansen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B126","first-page":"1086","article-title":"Changes in serum concentrations of conjugated and unconjugated steroids in 40- to 80-year-old men","volume":"79","author":"B\u00e9langer","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1830","article-title":"Testosterone and estradiol among older men","volume":"91","author":"Orwoll","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009519","article-title":"Sex hormones and age: a cross-sectional study of testosterone and estradiol and their bioavailable fractions in community-dwelling men","volume":"147","author":"Ferrini","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI84137","article-title":"Gonadal steroid-dependent effects on bone turnover and bone mineral density in men","volume":"126","author":"Finkelstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4532","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2248","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence, diagnostic delay, and clinical presentation of female 46,XY disorders of sex development","volume":"101","author":"Berglund","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-023-02127-y","article-title":"Androgen insensitivity syndrome: a review","volume":"46","author":"Delli Paoli","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B132","first-page":"126","article-title":"Puberty in subjects with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome","volume":"65","author":"Papadimitriou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-08-0166","article-title":"Comparison of bone mineral density and body proportions between women with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome and women with gonadal dysgenesis","volume":"159","author":"Han","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6396","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1392","article-title":"Inhibition of estrogen biosynthesis with a potent aromatase inhibitor increases predicted adult height in boys with idiopathic short stature: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"90","author":"Hero","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1559","article-title":"Anastrozole increases predicted adult height of short adolescent males treated with growth hormone: a randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial for one to three years","volume":"93","author":"Mauras","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-22-0227","article-title":"Effects of estradiol on bone in men undergoing androgen deprivation therapy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"187","author":"Russell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8010113","article-title":"Effect of androgen-deprivation therapy on bone mineral density in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.14153","article-title":"Transdermal oestradiol as a method of androgen suppression for prostate cancer within the STAMPEDE trial platform","volume":"121","author":"Gilbert","year":"2018","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"10274","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00100-8","article-title":"Transdermal oestradiol for androgen suppression in prostate cancer: long-term cardiovascular outcomes from the randomised Prostate Adenocarcinoma Transcutaneous Hormone (PATCH) trial programme","volume":"397","author":"Langley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3908","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0173","article-title":"Association of testosterone and estradiol deficiency with osteoporosis and rapid bone loss in older men","volume":"91","author":"Fink","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02088","article-title":"Osteoporosis and male age-related hypogonadism: role of sex steroids on bone (patho)physiology","volume":"154","author":"Rochira","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.041228","article-title":"Relationship of volumetric BMD and structural parameters at different skeletal sites to sex steroid levels in men","volume":"20","author":"Khosla","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-92963-5","volume-title":"Andrology: Male Reproductive Health and Dysfunction","author":"Nieschlag","year":"2009","edition":"3rd ed"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B144","first-page":"252","article-title":"Subclinical male hypogonadism","volume":"46","author":"Corona","year":"2021","journal-title":"Minerva Endocrinol (Torino)"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2385","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-022-01859-7","article-title":"Adult- and late-onset male hypogonadism: the clinical practice guidelines of the Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (SIAMS) and the Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE)","volume":"45","author":"Isidori","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-3580","article-title":"A perspective on middle-aged and older men with functional hypogonadism: focus on holistic management","volume":"102","author":"Grossmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12770","article-title":"European academy of andrology (EAA) guidelines on investigation, treatment and monitoring of functional hypogonadism in males: endorsing organization: European Society of Endocrinology","volume":"8","author":"Corona","year":"2020","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5122(92)90057-B","article-title":"Low bone mass in hypogonadal males. Effect of testosterone substitution therapy, a densitometric study","volume":"15","author":"Devogelaer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-010-1421-0","article-title":"Osteoporosis in men: the value of laboratory testing","volume":"22","author":"Ryan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/21.2.139","article-title":"Pathogenesis of vertebral crush fractures in men","volume":"21","author":"Baillie","year":"1992","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-123-6-199509150-00010","article-title":"Severe osteoporosis in men","volume":"123","author":"Kelepouris","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010845","article-title":"Pamidronate to prevent bone loss during androgen-deprivation therapy for prostate cancer","volume":"345","author":"Smith","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-020-00296-y","article-title":"Bone health effects of androgen-deprivation therapy and androgen receptor inhibitors in patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"24","author":"Hussain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"issue":"31","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2916","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.01696","article-title":"Management of osteoporosis in survivors of adult cancers with nonmetastatic disease: ASCO clinical practice guideline","volume":"37","author":"Shapiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-20-0348","article-title":"Early effects of androgen deprivation on bone and mineral homeostasis in adult men: a prospective cohort study","volume":"183","author":"Khalil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M266","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.5.M266","article-title":"Effects of transdermal testosterone on bone and muscle in older men with low bioavailable testosterone levels","volume":"56","author":"Kenny","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.02865.x","article-title":"Effects of transdermal testosterone on bone and muscle in older men with low bioavailable testosterone levels, low bone mass, and physical frailty","volume":"58","author":"Kenny","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570413","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/570413","article-title":"Effects of low-dose testosterone undecanoate treatment on bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in elderly male osteoporosis with low serum testosterone","volume":"2013","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031110","article-title":"Exogenous testosterone or testosterone with finasteride increases bone mineral density in older men with low serum testosterone","volume":"89","author":"Amory","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2011.01237.x","article-title":"Bone mineral density, body composition and bone turnover in patients with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism","volume":"35","author":"Laitinen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12604","article-title":"Testosterone replacement in congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism maintains bone density but has only limited osteoanabolic effects","volume":"7","author":"Antonio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad205","article-title":"Testicular dysfunction in 47,XXY boys: when it all begins. A semilongitudinal study","volume":"108","author":"Pozza","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bnaf005","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnaf005","article-title":"New horizons in Klinefelter syndrome: current evidence, gaps and research priorities","author":"Lucas-Herald","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2011.02246.x","article-title":"Clinical and biological parameters in 166 boys, adolescents and adults with nonmosaic Klinefelter syndrome: a Copenhagen experience","volume":"100","author":"Aksglaede","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.4274\/jcrpe.5121","article-title":"Klinefelter syndrome in childhood: variability in clinical and molecular findings","volume":"10","author":"Akcan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E739","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1878","article-title":"Bone mass in subjects with Klinefelter syndrome: role of testosterone levels and androgen receptor gene CAG polymorphism","volume":"96","author":"Ferlin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-020-01299-1","article-title":"Testosterone treatment in male patients with Klinefelter syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Pizzocaro","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2010.10.002","article-title":"Klinefelter's syndrome and bone mineral density: is osteoporosis a constant feature?","volume":"72","author":"Hi\u00e9ronimus","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Endocrinol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03346513","article-title":"Bone mineral density and body composition in male children with hypogonadism","volume":"32","author":"Fintini","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14466","article-title":"Bone structure assessed with pQCT in prepubertal males with delayed puberty or congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism","volume":"95","author":"Varimo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3312","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab169","article-title":"Compromised volumetric bone density and microarchitecture in men with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism","volume":"106","author":"Ostertag","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2011.05.042","article-title":"Role of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling in the neuroendocrine control of human reproduction","volume":"346","author":"Miraoui","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"7396","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11000","article-title":"Osteoprotection by semaphorin 3A","volume":"485","author":"Hayashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3958","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0482","article-title":"Follicle stimulating hormone and its rate of change in defining menopause transition stages","volume":"93","author":"Sowers","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16060813","article-title":"Extra-gonadal and non-canonical effects of FSH in males","volume":"16","author":"Spaziani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bqaa111","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqaa111","article-title":"Estrogen versus FSH effects on bone metabolism: evidence from interventional human studies","volume":"161","author":"Khosla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-017-1440-0","article-title":"Effects of growth hormone therapy on bone density and fracture risk in age-related osteoporosis in the absence of growth hormone deficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"59","author":"Barake","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2021.06.007","article-title":"European association of urology guidelines on sexual and reproductive health-2021 update: male sexual dysfunction","volume":"80","author":"Salonia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2023.107854","article-title":"EMAS position statement: testosterone replacement therapy in older men","volume":"178","author":"Kanakis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2016.06.003","article-title":"Effects of 8-year treatment of long-acting testosterone undecanoate on metabolic parameters, urinary symptoms, bone mineral density, and sexual function in men with late-onset hypogonadism","volume":"13","author":"Permpongkosol","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-018-1604-6","article-title":"Long-term effect of testosterone replacement therapy on bone in hypogonadal men with Klinefelter syndrome","volume":"61","author":"Tahani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1380051","article-title":"Effects of testosterone replacement therapy on cortical and trabecular bone mineral density, vertebral body area and paraspinal muscle area in hypogonadal men","volume":"138","author":"Leifke","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3109\/13685538.2013.773420","article-title":"Effects of oral testosterone undecanoate therapy on bone mineral density and body composition in 322 aging men with symptomatic testosterone deficiency: a 1-year, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study","volume":"16","author":"Bouloux","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aging Male"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-2927.2013.00090.x","article-title":"Effects of testosterone treatment on bone mineral density in men with testosterone deficiency syndrome","volume":"1","author":"Rodriguez-Tolr\u00e0","year":"2013","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3058","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab181","article-title":"Testosterone therapy effects on bone mass and turnover in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes","volume":"106","author":"Colleluori","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B186","first-page":"2670","article-title":"Effects of testosterone replacement in hypogonadal men","volume":"85","author":"Snyder","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1038\/ijir.2008.19","article-title":"Testosterone treatment in elderly men with subnormal testosterone levels improves body composition and BMD in the hip","volume":"20","author":"Svartberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B188","first-page":"1966","article-title":"Effect of testosterone treatment on bone mineral density in men over 65 years of age","volume":"84","author":"Snyder","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1080\/13685530802273715","article-title":"Effect of testosterone therapy on lumbar spine and hip mineral density in elderly men","volume":"11","author":"Basurto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aging Male"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.050606","article-title":"Effect of testosterone replacement on trabecular architecture in hypogonadal men","volume":"20","author":"Benito","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3665","article-title":"Effects of testosterone and growth hormone on the structural and mechanical properties of bone by micro-MRI in the distal tibia of men with hypopituitarism","volume":"99","author":"Al Mukaddam","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.9539","article-title":"Effect of testosterone treatment on volumetric bone density and strength in older men with low testosterone: a controlled clinical trial","volume":"177","author":"Snyder","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186X.2023.2207218","article-title":"Effect of 12-months testosterone replacement therapy on bone mineral density and markers of bone turnover in testicular cancer survivors - results from a randomized double-blind trial","volume":"62","author":"J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1096","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa917","article-title":"Testosterone replacement therapy added to intensive lifestyle intervention in older men with obesity and hypogonadism","volume":"106","author":"Barnouin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9099","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27481-3","article-title":"Effect of testosterone treatment on bone remodelling markers and mineral density in obese dieting men in a randomized clinical trial","volume":"8","author":"Ng Tang Fui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2005.00612.x","article-title":"Double-blind placebo-controlled study of testosterone patch therapy on bone turnover in men with borderline hypogonadism","volume":"29","author":"Merza","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0036","article-title":"Testosterone use in men and its effects on bone health. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials","volume":"91","author":"Tracz","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2005.02339.x","article-title":"Effects of testosterone on body composition, bone metabolism and serum lipid profile in middle-aged men: a meta-analysis","volume":"63","author":"Isidori","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-021-01702-5","article-title":"Testosterone supplementation and bone parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis study","volume":"45","author":"Corona","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-020-0509-6","article-title":"The effects of testosterone on bone health in males with testosterone deficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3143","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab149","article-title":"Effect of testosterone treatment on bone microarchitecture and bone mineral density in men: a 2-year RCT","volume":"106","author":"Ng Tang Fui","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2308836","article-title":"Testosterone treatment and fractures in men with hypogonadism","volume":"390","author":"Snyder","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3869","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-01658","article-title":"Endocrine treatment of gender-dysphoric\/gender-incongruent persons: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline","volume":"102","author":"Hembree","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S0929-693X(24)00176-3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcped.2024.08.003","article-title":"Endocrine management of transgender adolescents: expert consensus of the French society of pediatric endocrinology and diabetology working group","author":"Brezin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2019.07.004","article-title":"Bone densitometry in transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC) individuals: 2019 ISCD official position","volume":"22","author":"Rosen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4252","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa604","article-title":"Bone development in transgender adolescents treated with GnRH analogues and subsequent gender-affirming hormones","volume":"105","author":"Schagen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-118747","article-title":"Eighteen-year effect of androgen therapy on bone mineral density in trans(gender) men","volume":"50","author":"Broulik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2007.05.012","article-title":"Cross-sex pattern of bone mineral density in early onset gender identity disorder","volume":"52","author":"Haraldsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-004-1754-7","article-title":"Cortical and trabecular bone mineral density in transsexuals after long-term cross-sex hormonal treatment: a cross-sectional study","volume":"16","author":"Ruetsche","year":"2005","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2503","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1187","article-title":"Bone mass, bone geometry, and body composition in female-to-male transsexual persons after long-term cross-sex hormonal therapy","volume":"97","author":"Van Caenegem","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3612","article-title":"Bone safety during the first ten years of gender-affirming hormonal treatment in transwomen and transmen","volume":"34","author":"Wiepjes","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025062515030253300_dgaf191-B212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650111121","article-title":"The effect of androgen treatment on bone metabolism in female-to-male transsexuals","volume":"11","author":"Lips","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf191\/62523918\/dgaf191.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/110\/7\/e2121\/62523918\/dgaf191.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/110\/7\/e2121\/62523918\/dgaf191.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T15:03:34Z","timestamp":1750863814000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/110\/7\/e2121\/8090450"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]]},"references-count":212,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf191","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]]}}}