{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T12:32:54Z","timestamp":1781613174689,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012324","name":"University Hospital of Pisa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012324","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) is used for weight loss and management of obesity-related comorbidities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed at evaluating the effects of VLCKD on body composition and energy metabolism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective outpatient study included 17 women with obesity (mean age 41.6 years; body mass index 37.5\u2005kg\/m2) who followed a 1-month VLCKD (700-800\u2005kcal\/day, carbohydrate 11%, fat 46%, protein 43%) at the University Hospital of Pisa. Measurements of 24-hour energy expenditure (24hEE) and substrate oxidation were conducted in a metabolic chamber at day 1 (V1), day 8 (V2), and day 29 (V3). Body composition was assessed by Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Twenty-two women with obesity fed a balanced isocaloric diet served as controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with controls, carbohydrate oxidation (CarbOx) was lower, whereas fat oxidation (FatOx) and protein oxidation (ProtOx) were higher in the VLCKD group at V1. CarbOx decreased by 65%, while FatOx increased by 11% at V3. The rate of ProtOx was already higher than in controls at V1 and remained stable throughout the study. After 1 month, body weight decreased by 7%, reflecting an 8.8% reduction in fat mass and a 5.6% reduction in lean soft tissue (LST). A 10% decrease in 24hEE and 24-hour sleeping metabolic rate was observed at V3 compared with V1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>VLCKD promotes weight loss in women with obesity. Our findings highlight the shift in energy metabolism towards increased FatOx accompanied by a modest increase in protein oxidation, a decrease in LST and a reduction in EE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T07:16:26Z","timestamp":1743578186000},"page":"e4158-e4168","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of 1-Month Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet on 24-Hour Energy Metabolism and Body Composition in Women With Obesity"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6888-7080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio","family":"Basolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit 1, University Hospital of Pisa , Pisa 56124 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