{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T21:42:44Z","timestamp":1792532564867,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007747","name":"the University of Utah","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007747","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"NCRR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100025244","name":"Utah Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100025244","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Autoimmune hypothyroidism, commonly known as Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT), is an autoimmune thyroid disorder affecting approximately 5% of the US population. Previous relative risk studies have suggested that first-degree relatives of individuals with HT are at \u223c4.5 to 32 times higher risk for developing HT than the general population. Twin studies estimate high heritability for the development of HT (\u223c65%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we aimed to better estimate the HT relative risk in first-, second-, and third-degree relatives in the Utah Population Database.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From the Utah Population Database, a total of 92 405 HT probands and 184 810 matched controls were identified, with 2 960 650 relatives of HT probands and 5 730 159 relatives of controls, making this the largest relative risk study of HT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Females with HT in this cohort were 2.71-fold more common than males. The odds ratio (OR) of HT in the first-degree relatives of affected individuals is 1.77 (95% CI, 1.74-1.80). The OR of HT in second-degree relatives is 1.23 (95% CI, 1.22-1.27) and 1.11 (95% CI, 1.10-1.12) in third-degree relatives of HT probands. We also identified an increased OR of spouses to develop HT of 1.50 for husbands of affected wives (95% CI, 1.39-1.61) and 1.58 for wives of affected husbands (95% CI, 1.47-1.70), suggesting a significant environmental component contributing to HT development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first study to estimate an increased risk of HT for second- and third-degree relatives, who are less likely to share common environments than first-degree relatives.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T06:10:16Z","timestamp":1745820616000},"page":"e3998-e4003","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Familial Risk of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis in a Large Genealogical 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