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Models were adjusted for age, socioeconomic factors, physical activity, smoking, alcohol use, and moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 754 participants (mean age 63 \u00b1 11 years, 66% women, mean body mass index 31.8 \u00b1 6.8), mean sleep onset was 23:10 \u00b1 1:24 (hh:mm), mean sleep duration was 6.7 \u00b1 1.1\u2005hour, median sleep maintenance efficiency was 88.9% (interquartile range [IQR], 85.7-91.5), and median sleep fragmentation index was 28.3% (IQR, 23.2-34). In adjusted models, each 1-hour later in mid-sleep time was associated with 14% (95% CI, 1.01-1.30) higher odds of severe MetS and each 1-hour increase in sleep duration variability was associated with 34% (95% CI, 1.01-1.77) higher odds. Each 1% decrease in sleep maintenance efficiency was associated with 5% (95% CI, 0.92-0.98) higher odds of having severe MetS, and each 1% increase in sleep fragmentation index was associated with 2% (95% CI, 1.01-1.04) higher odds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Later sleep timing, irregular sleep duration, and poor sleep continuity were associated with more severe metabolic dysfunction in Black individuals, highlighting the importance of sleep health, beyond sleep duration, on metabolic health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T07:27:02Z","timestamp":1746689222000},"page":"e2864-e2870","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Associations of Sleep Health and Metabolic Syndrome Severity in Black Individuals: The Jackson Heart Sleep Study"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4392-3206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daisy","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD 21224 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan C","family":"Jun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD 21224 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dayna A","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University , Atlanta, GA 30322 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rexford S","family":"Ahima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD 21224 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayandra J","family":"Himali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, TX 78229 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, TX 78229 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Framingham Heart Study , Framingham, MA 01702 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine , Boston, MA 02118 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health , Boston, MA 02118 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