{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T21:17:25Z","timestamp":1793740645902,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82370814"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82370814"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008804","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017ZX09303001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017ZX09303001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>New therapies are urgently needed for the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the therapeutic effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on MASLD\/MASH.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared GLP-1RAs with placebo or active agents with respect to the efficacy in patients with MASLD\/MASH. The effects of GLP-1RAs on liver fat content (LFC) by imaging, liver histology, serum liver enzymes, and noninvasive fibrosis indexes [Fibrosis-4, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score, cytokeratin 18, procollagen III, and liver stiffness) were evaluated. Mean differences and risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals were pooled using a random-effect model.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Twenty-five RCTs involving 2600 patients who used GLP-1RAs including liraglutide, exenatide, dulaglutide, semaglutide, tirzepatide, efinopegdutide, survodutide, and retatrutide were included. Overall, GLP-1RAs treatment for a median of 24 weeks demonstrated a significant reduction in LFC by 5.21%, with retatrutide displaying the most obvious treatment effects. GLP-1RAs treatment induced significant histological improvements in steatosis, hepatocellular ballooning, and lobular inflammation but nonsignificantly improved fibrosis, with the evidence for tirzepatide more robust than that for semaglutide and liraglutide. GLP-1RAs treatment significantly decreased serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and \u03b3-glutamyl transferase compared with control. GLP-1RAs also significantly improved liver stiffness, with semaglutide displaying the most obvious treatment effect. No drug-related adverse effects involving the liver were observed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>GLP-1RAs decreased liver fat deposition and improved histological steatosis, hepatocellular ballooning, and lobular inflammation, without worsening of fibrosis in MASLD and MASH.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T07:24:25Z","timestamp":1749453865000},"page":"2964-2979","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Efficacy of GLP-1-based Therapies on Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatohepatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0825-3809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yahao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University , Shanghai 200040 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University , Shanghai 200040 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University , Shanghai 200040 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunzhi","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University , Shanghai 200040 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald J","family":"Prud'homme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON ,","place":["Canada M5B 1W8"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6478-0988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qinghua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University , Shanghai 200040 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Shanghai Innogen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , Shanghai 201203 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"80","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30251","article-title":"Global perspectives on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"69","author":"Younossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431","article-title":"Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes","volume":"64","author":"Younossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.06.021","article-title":"The global epidemiology of NAFLD and NASH in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"71","author":"Younossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-1966","article-title":"High prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and normal plasma aminotransferase levels","volume":"100","author":"Portillo-Sanchez","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"47","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8263","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i47.8263","article-title":"Clinical epidemiology and disease burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"23","author":"Perumpail","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15080","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.80","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"1","author":"Brunt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000254","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as a potential risk factor of cardiovascular disease","volume":"27","author":"Luo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.05.013","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"65","author":"Targher","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.257","article-title":"Genetic variation in PNPLA3 confers susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"40","author":"Romeo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1091980","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of lipotoxicity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"28","author":"Malhi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"17","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2018.1531126","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes in patients with chronic liver disease: focus on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"19","author":"Raschi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"issue":"22","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa060326","article-title":"A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"355","author":"Belfort","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23569","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor is present on human hepatocytes and has a direct role in decreasing hepatic steatosis in vitro by modulating elements of the insulin signaling pathway","volume":"51","author":"Gupta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25269","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025269","article-title":"GLP-1 analogs reduce hepatocyte steatosis and improve survival by enhancing the unfolded protein response and promoting macroautophagy","volume":"6","author":"Sharma","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12634","article-title":"Liraglutide ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by enhancing mitochondrial architecture and promoting autophagy through the SIRT1\/SIRT3-FOXO3a pathway","volume":"46","author":"Tong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2014.1826","article-title":"Exendin\u20134, a glucagon\u2013like peptide\u20131 receptor agonist, modulates hepatic fatty acid composition and \u0394\u20135\u2013desaturase index in a murine model of non\u2013alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"34","author":"Kawaguchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.09.032","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 reduces hepatic lipogenesis via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase","volume":"54","author":"Ben-Shlomo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21006","article-title":"Exendin-4, a glucagon-like protein-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, reverses hepatic steatosis in ob\/ob mice","volume":"43","author":"Ding","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31394","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031394","article-title":"Exendin-4 improves steatohepatitis by increasing Sirt1 expression in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G762","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00476.2011","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonism improves metabolic, biochemical, and histopathological indices of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice","volume":"302","author":"Trevaskis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11020073","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"11","author":"Mantovani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"issue":"1160","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622589","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.622589","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease: updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Dai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001556","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of metabolic associated fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Jianping","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005325","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005325","article-title":"Effects of lixisenatide on elevated liver transaminases: systematic review with individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials on patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"4","author":"Gluud","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2016.11.009","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Dong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"16","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.3656","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data: the PRISMA-IPD statement","volume":"313","author":"Stewart","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang Y, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Ni Y, Prud\u2019homme GJ, Wang Q. Data from: efficacy of GLP-1-based therapies on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Figshare. doi:10.6084\/m9.figshare.28981850.v1. Date of deposit 9 May 2025.","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf336"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d5928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","article-title":"Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Higgins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14319","article-title":"Combined exenatide and dapagliflozin has no additive effects on reduction of hepatocellular lipids despite better glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin: EXENDA, a 24-week, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial","volume":"23","author":"Harreiter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2028395","article-title":"A placebo-controlled trial of subcutaneous semaglutide in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"384","author":"Newsome","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-05021-6","article-title":"Placebo-controlled randomised trial with liraglutide on magnetic resonance endpoints in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a pre-specified secondary study on ectopic fat accumulation","volume":"63","author":"Bizino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2434","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-020-05265-7","article-title":"Effect of dulaglutide on liver fat in patients with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD: randomised controlled trial (D-LIFT trial)","volume":"63","author":"Kuchay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108487","article-title":"Liraglutide or insulin glargine treatments improves hepatic fat in obese patients with type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in twenty-six weeks: a randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"170","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3292","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3292","article-title":"Efficacy of exenatide and insulin glargine on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"36","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2020.01.007","article-title":"Effect of liraglutide therapy on serum fetuin A in patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"44","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-1892","article-title":"Effects of novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide on biomarkers of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"43","author":"Hartman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2414","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30320","article-title":"Liraglutide, sitagliptin, and insulin glargine added to metformin: the effect on body weight and intrahepatic lipid in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"69","author":"Yan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13487","article-title":"Liraglutide treatment improves postprandial lipid metabolism and cardiometabolic risk factors in humans with adequately controlled type 2 diabetes: a single-centre randomized controlled study","volume":"21","author":"Matikainen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14065","article-title":"Randomized trial comparing effects of weight loss by liraglutide with lifestyle modification in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"39","author":"Khoo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"BSR20181304","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20181304","article-title":"Efficacy of liraglutide in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"38","author":"Tian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosci Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12555","article-title":"Randomized trial comparing the effects of gliclazide, liraglutide, and metformin on diabetes with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"9","author":"Feng","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Diabetes"},{"issue":"10019","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00803-X","article-title":"Liraglutide safety and efficacy in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (LEAN): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 study","volume":"387","author":"Armstrong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-4100-7","article-title":"Twelve week liraglutide or sitagliptin does not affect hepatic fat in type 2 diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"59","author":"Smits","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12680","article-title":"Exenatide decreases liver fat content and epicardial adipose tissue in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes: a prospective randomized clinical trial using magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy","volume":"18","author":"Dutour","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-2548","article-title":"Effects of insulin glargine and liraglutide therapy on liver fat as measured by magnetic resonance in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial","volume":"38","author":"Tang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2561","article-title":"Benefits of exenatide on obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with elevated liver enzymes in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"30","author":"Shao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27302013000900005","article-title":"Exenatide improves type 2 diabetes concomitant with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"57","author":"Fan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16608","article-title":"Randomised clinical trial: semaglutide versus placebo reduced liver steatosis but not liver stiffness in subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease assessed by magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"54","author":"Flint","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.05.013","article-title":"A phase IIa active-comparator-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of efinopegdutide in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"79","author":"Romero-G\u00f3mez","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2401943","article-title":"Tirzepatide for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis with liver fibrosis","volume":"391","author":"Loomba","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2401755","article-title":"A phase 2 randomized trial of survodutide in MASH and fibrosis","volume":"391","author":"Sanyal","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03018-2","article-title":"Triple hormone receptor agonist retatrutide for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a randomized phase 2a trial","volume":"30","author":"Sanyal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(23)00068-7","article-title":"Semaglutide 2.4 mg once weekly in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-related cirrhosis: a randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial","volume":"8","author":"Loomba","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.08.038","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 decreases lipotoxicity in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"64","author":"Armstrong","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2006.01362.x","article-title":"Values and limitations of serum aminotransferases in clinical trials of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"26","author":"Suzuki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.666","article-title":"Alanine aminotransferase as a marker of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in relation to type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease","volume":"22","author":"Schindhelm","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B58","first-page":"37","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver and cardiovascular disease: an emerging relationship","volume":"48","author":"Baou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hellenic J Cardiol"},{"issue":"33","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3632","DOI":"10.2174\/138161211798220945","article-title":"Liver enzymes: potential cardiovascular risk markers?","volume":"17","author":"Lioudaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26156","article-title":"Association between noninvasive fibrosis markers and mortality among adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States","volume":"57","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001337","article-title":"Fibrosis-4 index vs nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score in identifying advanced fibrosis in subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"116","author":"Castellana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.11.048","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging more accurately classifies steatosis and fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease than transient elastography","volume":"150","author":"Imajo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23050","article-title":"Cytokeratin-18 fragment levels as noninvasive biomarkers for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a multicenter validation study","volume":"50","author":"Feldstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.12.001","article-title":"A critical review of endpoints for non-cirrhotic NASH therapeutic trials","volume":"68","author":"Ratziu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X16656735","article-title":"Association of noninvasive quantitative decline in liver fat content on MRI with histologic response in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"9","author":"Patel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Therap Adv Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29797","article-title":"Noninvasive, quantitative assessment of liver fat by MRI-PDFF as an endpoint in NASH trials","volume":"68","author":"Caussy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29367","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases","volume":"67","author":"Chalasani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.06.010","article-title":"Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults: a systematic review","volume":"56","author":"Thoma","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23276","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial testing the effects of weight loss on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"51","author":"Promrat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-57369-9","article-title":"Effect of weight change and lifestyle modifications on the development or remission of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: sex-specific analysis","volume":"10","author":"Yoshioka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.04.005","article-title":"Weight loss through lifestyle modification significantly reduces features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"149","author":"Vilar-Gomez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B72","first-page":"407","article-title":"Effect of liraglutide therapy on liver fat content in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes: the lira-NAFLD study","volume":"102","author":"Petit","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12149","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes and elevated liver enzymes: individual patient data meta-analysis of the LEAD program","volume":"37","author":"Armstrong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28827","article-title":"Exenatide improves both hepatic and adipose tissue insulin resistance: a dynamic positron emission tomography study","volume":"64","author":"Gastaldelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"10390","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00634-7","article-title":"Bariatric-metabolic surgery versus lifestyle intervention plus best medical care in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (BRAVES): a multicentre, open-label, randomised trial","volume":"401","author":"Verrastro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21327","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of patients with NAFLD and elevated liver enzymes","volume":"44","author":"Ekstedt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/2050-7771-1-7","article-title":"Noninvasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of steatohepatitis and advanced fibrosis in NAFLD","volume":"1","author":"Pearce","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomark Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.04.043","article-title":"Liver fibrosis, but No other histologic features, is associated with long-term outcomes of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"149","author":"Angulo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.11.012","article-title":"Determinants of fibrosis progression and regression in NASH","volume":"68","author":"Schuppan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2019.07.002","article-title":"From NASH to diabetes and from diabetes to NASH: mechanisms and treatment options","volume":"1","author":"Gastaldelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.112.246207","article-title":"Exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, acutely inhibits intestinal lipoprotein production in healthy humans","volume":"32","author":"Xiao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02462.x","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor activation stimulates hepatic lipid oxidation and restores hepatic signalling alteration induced by a high-fat diet in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"31","author":"Svegliati-Baroni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4965","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-0153","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors expressed on nerve terminals in the portal vein mediate the effects of endogenous GLP-1 on glucose tolerance in rats","volume":"148","author":"Vahl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2003.11.001","article-title":"Receptor gene expression of glucagon-like peptide-1, but not glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, in rat nodose ganglion cells","volume":"110","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0104-9","article-title":"Mechanisms of NAFLD development and therapeutic strategies","volume":"24","author":"Friedman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0009-6","article-title":"Triggering and resolution of inflammation in NASH","volume":"15","author":"Schuster","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.07.033","article-title":"Incretins (GLP-1 receptor agonists and dual\/triple agonists) and the liver","volume":"79","author":"Newsome","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnac018","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor-based therapeutics for metabolic liver disease","volume":"44","author":"Yabut","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-023-03339-z","article-title":"Sarcopenia, a condition shared by various diseases: can we alleviate or delay the progression?","volume":"18","author":"Tarantino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.6586","article-title":"Is weight loss-induced muscle mass loss clinically relevant?","volume":"332","author":"Conte","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.2337\/dci24-0003","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of GLP-1 medicines for type 2 diabetes and obesity","volume":"47","author":"Drucker","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"16","key":"2025091917023606900_dgaf336-B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.067676","article-title":"Muscle mass and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: adaptive or maladaptive response to weight loss?","volume":"150","author":"Linge","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf336\/63458012\/dgaf336.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/110\/10\/2964\/63458012\/dgaf336.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-pdf\/110\/10\/2964\/63458012\/dgaf336.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T21:02:53Z","timestamp":1758315773000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article\/110\/10\/2964\/8159050"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf336","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-972X","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7197","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]}}}