{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:06:36Z","timestamp":1792080396498,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antim\u00fcllerian hormone (AMH) is produced by Sertoli cells and may serve as a biomarker of spermatogenesis, yet the literature lacks comprehensive comparative analyses across male fertility conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This work aimed to discover how serum AMH levels differ among men with varying fertility statuses, and the relationship between AMH, spermatogenesis, and functional testicular reserve.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted of 1085 White European, non-Finnish men with confirmed fertility, primary infertility, or nonazoospermic infertility. Men with confirmed fertility (n = 116), primary infertility (n = 791), and nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) (n = 178) underwent comprehensive hormonal and semen analyses per World Health Organization 2010 criteria. Kruskal-Wallis and chi-square tests were used for group comparisons. Correlations were assessed using Spearman rank correlation. Multivariable linear regression models identified factors associated with AMH levels and sperm concentration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum AMH levels were significantly lower in men with NOA compared to fertile controls and NOA infertile men. AMH correlated negatively with age and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and positively with testicular volume and sperm concentration. After adjustment, AMH showed no independent association with sperm concentration. AMH levels were significantly lower in NOA vs fertile men and primary infertility 3.8 (1.6-7.2) vs 5.1 (3.6-7.0) vs 4.9 (3.0-7.8) ng\/mL; P less than .001. AMH negatively correlated with age and FSH, positively with testicular volume and sperm concentration. Age, FSH, and testicular volume were independently associated with AMH; FSH and testicular volume, not AMH, were independently associated with sperm concentration. However, the cross-sectional design limits causality, and the study faced limited ethnic generalizability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AMH reflects Sertoli cell function and testicular status rather than directly influencing spermatogenesis, potentially serving as a complementary male fertility biomarker.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T12:03:36Z","timestamp":1758283416000},"page":"e697-e704","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Serum Antim\u00fcllerian Hormone as a Biomarker of Functional Testicular Reserve: A Comparative Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0228-7039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edoardo","family":"Pozzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Vita\u2013Salute San Raffaele University , Milan 20132 ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Division of Experimental Oncology\/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele , Milan 20132 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3677-6412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fausto","family":"Negri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Vita\u2013Salute San Raffaele University , Milan 20132 ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Division of Experimental Oncology\/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele , Milan 20132 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Raffo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Vita\u2013Salute San Raffaele University , Milan 20132 ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Division of Experimental Oncology\/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele , Milan 20132 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Bertini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Vita\u2013Salute San Raffaele University , Milan 20132 ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Division of Experimental Oncology\/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele , Milan 20132 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9603-1589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Corsini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Vita\u2013Salute San Raffaele University , Milan 20132 ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Division of Experimental Oncology\/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele , Milan 20132 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Boeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Foundation IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda\u2013Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan 20122 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Pontillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine Service, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele , Milan 20132 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Locatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine Service, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele , Milan 20132 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Supplementary Table 1. Demographic, clinical, semen parameters and hormonal profile of the study cohort stratified by overall cohort, fertile men, primary infertile men, non-obstructive azoospermia and Klinefelter syndrome. 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