{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:43:03Z","timestamp":1791240183798,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"The Endocrine Society","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007403","name":"Dagmar Marshalls Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007403","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004426","name":"AP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004426","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ontogeny of hypospadias and its implications remain incompletely understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine whether fetal outcomes and reproductive hormone concentrations in boys with hypospadias differ from reference standards during minipuberty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective cohort study (May 2021-January 2023).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tertiary hypospadias center.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infants presenting with hypospadias (n = 139), of whom 113 were enrolled following parental consent (median postnatal age: 0.28\u2005years).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Examination of hypospadias grade, external masculinization score (EMS), placental and birth weight, and blood sampling (reproductive hormones).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fisher's exact test assessed gestational age (GA)-specific birth weight and placental centiles by hypospadias severity. GA-specific reproductive hormone concentrations were converted to SD scores (SDSs) according to an established reference standard for healthy Danish boys. The 1-sample Wilcoxon signed-rank test compared concentrations to 0 SDS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty-nine boys (79%) had distal hypospadias with a median EMS of 11 while median EMS was 9 in boys with proximal hypospadias. Birth weight and placental centiles were lower in boys with proximal hypospadias (P = .014 and P = .038). The median concentrations of FHS (0.83 SDS), testosterone (0.71 SDS), and free testosterone (0.83 SDS) were higher in boys with hypospadias compared to 0 SDS (P &amp;lt; .001). The median concentrations of inhibin B (\u22120.38 SDS), anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone (AMH) (\u22120.23 SDS), insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) (\u22120.31 SDS), androstenedione (\u22120.52 SDS), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (\u22120.50 SDS) were significantly lower. LH, SHBG, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and dihydrotestosterone were not statistically different. Hormone SDS did not differ significantly by hypospadias severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypospadias severity was significantly associated with birth and placental weight centiles. Testicular Sertoli cell markers (AMH and inhibin B) and the Leydig cell-derived INSL3 were reduced, suggesting subtle testicular dysfunction in boys with hypospadias during minipuberty. Further research to identify implications for future reproductive health is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T13:03:06Z","timestamp":1762952586000},"page":"1329-1336","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Reproductive Hormones During Minipuberty Suggest Subtle Testicular Impairments in Boys With Hypospadias"],"prefix":"10.1210","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7996-7596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tina L","family":"Leunbach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Section of Pediatric Urology, Aarhus University Hospital , 8200 Aarhus ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , 8200 Aarhus 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